GS0807 Experimental Evaluation of the Torque-Bolt Force Relationship of Wheel Bolts for Large Vehicles

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (0) ◽  
pp. _GS0807-1_-_GS0807-2_
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Fukuman ◽  
Toshimichi Fukuoka ◽  
Masataka Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Force Relationship

EMG-force relationship of the cat soleus muscle studied with distributed and non-periodic stimulation of ventral root filaments

1994 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
A. C. Guimaraes ◽  
W. Herzog ◽  
M. Hulliger ◽  
Y. T. Zhang ◽  
S. Day
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Ventral Root ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Fibre Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Periodic Stimulation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Voluntary Contractions ◽  
Force Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

Distributed stimulation of ventral root (VR) filaments and pseudo-random interpulse intervals (based on a Gaussian distribution with a coefficient of variation of 12.5%) were used to modulate electromyographic activity (EMG) and force of the cat soleus muscle to assess the EMG-force relationship. A protocol consisting of addition and rate modulation of ten VR filaments that contain alpha motoneurones to the soleus muscle was adopted. EMG was measured using indwelling electrodes and forces were measured at the distal tendon using a strain transducer. EMG records obtained using this approach were similar in the time and frequency domains to those obtained during voluntary contractions. Force records obtained from stimulation of single VR filaments showed summation effects typical of irregular interpulse intervals. The overall relationship between integrated rectified EMG (IEMG) and mean force was found to be non-linear. At low and high stimulation levels, IEMG tended to increase proportionally more than mean force. In the intermediate stimulation region (i.e. producing forces between approximately 5% and 88% of the maximal tetanic force), the IEMG-mean force relationship was virtually linear. Muscles with a homogeneous fibre type composition, such as the cat soleus muscle, have been reported to have a linear EMG-force relationship.

Research on Dynamic Characteristics of the High-Speed Cable Force Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senhao Hou ◽  
Xiaoqiang Tang ◽  
Yuheng Wang ◽  
Dianjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Order Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
Cable Force ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Space Discretization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Separation Test ◽  
Force Relationship

Abstract During the landing and detection missions of the Moon, Mars, and asteroids, due to the complexity and unpredictability of the landing process, it is necessary and critical to carry out simulation tests on the ground to simulate the stress state during the separation of the backshell from the lander. A high-speed cable-driven mechanism adopted. The cable force is different at the end actuator and the drum. There are many factors causing this difference, such as high acceleration, cable stiffness, cable density, cable length. In this paper, the cable force transmission of spacecraft during high-speed separation is studied. The dynamic model of high-speed cable-driven mechanism is established based on Newton principle, then the trial function is introduced, and the second-order partial differential equation is solved by using the method of space discretization. The force relationship of the cable in the process of motion is obtained, and the influencing factors of the cable force are explored. Finally, the correctness of the research content in this paper is verified by numerical simulation and experiment. The results show that the model can accurately simulate the force state of the cable, and it has guiding significance for the active high-speed separation test of spacecraft.

Evaluation of the EMG–force relationship of trunk muscles during whole body tilt

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Anders ◽  
Gunther Brose ◽  
Gunther O. Hofmann ◽  
Hans-Christoph Scholle
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Force Relationship

Ca(2+)-force relationship of frog skeletal muscle: a dynamic model for parameter estimation

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. C2062-C2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Shames ◽  
A. J. Baker ◽  
M. W. Weiner ◽  
S. A. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Cross Bridge ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Force Relationship

A simple mathematical model describing the dynamic connection between Ca2+ and force generation in intact skeletal muscle from the frog has been developed from isometric force responses to cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) transients during tetanic and twitch contractions. The main element of the model is a two-state cross-bridge cycle characterized by the fractional rate of cross-bridge attachment (f(app)) and the fractional rate of cross-bridge detachment (g*). While g* is constant, f(app) is time varying and regulated by both [Ca2+]c and force. Having only four adjustable parameters, the model is mathematically unique, thereby allowing precise parameter estimation from the dynamic Ca2+ and force data. The model should be useful for developing insights into the relative importance for force generation and relaxation of 1) the size and shape of the Ca2+ transient, 2) the sensitivity of the fractional rate of cross-bridge attachment to both the [Ca2+]c and the force responses, and 3) the fractional rate of cross-bridge detachment, which is insensitive to both Ca2+ and force.

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