Effects of Acidic Precipitation and Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth, Mineral Nutrition, and Xylem Water Potential of Juvenile Loblolly Pine and White Oak

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Walker ◽  
S. B. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Acidic Precipitation ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Xylem Water Potential

scholarly journals Mist Irrigation Reduces Post-transplant Desiccation of Bare-root Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick M. Bates ◽  
Alex X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract Desiccation during storage and reestablishment is a major factor contributing to poor regrowth of transplanted bare-root trees. The effect of overhead mist irrigation on reducing post transplant water stress in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L. ‘Emerald Lustre’) and Yoshino cherry (Prunus x yedoensis) was examined. Bare-root Norway maple (desiccation tolerant) and Yoshino cherry (desiccation sensitive) trees were transplanted into pine bark-filled containers and subjected to mist or non-mist treatments. Stem xylem water potential, relative water content, and survivability were determined. Xylem water potential increased (became less negative) for misted maple and cherry trees. Water potential increased for non-misted maple and decreased for non-misted cherry trees. Twenty-seven percent of non-misted cherries were evaluated as nonmarketable due to stem dieback compared to 0% for misted trees. Results of this study indicate that mist irrigation effectively reduces desiccation damage for desiccation sensitive species such as cherries and hawthorns.

Stabilization of Cotton Fibers during Mechanical Cutting

1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N.-S. Hon
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Electron Spin Resonance Study ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Milled Wood Lignin ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Mechanical Cutting ◽  
Oxidative Ageing

The mechanical stress energy used to process cotton in a cutter is sufficient to induce homolytic scission of C2 and C3 bonds and chain scission of C1—O—C4 glycosidic bonds, i.e., to reduce the degree of polymerization (DP), of cellulose molecules. The formation of carbon and alkoxy mechanoradicals at these locations was identified by an electron spin resonance study. The incorporation of nonylated phenol phosphite, hindered amine, and milled wood lignins of red oak and white oak was effective in inhibiting the reduction of the DP of cellulose. In addition, the incorporation of an alkylary phosphite mixture, hindered phenol, ditridecyl thiodipropionate and dialutyl thiodipropionate, milled wood lignin of loblolly pine and white oak, and lignosulfonate of spruce and red oak was useful in inhibiting the oxidative ageing of cut cotton fiber. Of the stabilizers used, only milled wood lignin of red oak was the most effective in preventing loss of the DP of cellulose during mechanical cutting and oxidative ageing. Termination of primary mechanoradicals at C2 and C3 by stabilizers appeared to eliminate secondary reactions that led to a subsequent decrease in the DP. Termination of alkoxy and carbon radicals at C4 and C1 positions appeared to eliminate oxidative degradation.

Absorption and translocation of [14C]glyphosate in four woody plant species

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Green ◽  
Patrick J. Minogue ◽  
Charles H. Brewer ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
Dean H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Foliar Absorption

Absorption and translocation patterns of radio-labelled glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) were examined in four species of woody plants to determine mechanisms of herbicide tolerance in species common to the southeastern United States. Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) and yaupon (Ilexvomitoria (L.) Ait.), both tolerant to the herbicide, absorbed significantly less glyphosate than did red maple (Acerrubrum L.) or white oak (Quercusalba L.), indicating the importance of foliar absorption as a barrier to glyphosate entry. Although herbicide absorption was similar between the sensitive white oak and the tolerant red maple, white oak accumulated more glyphosate in the roots than did red maple, indicating that translocation patterns also contribute significantly to glyphosate tolerance in some woody species.

Linear relation between leaf xylem water potential and transpiration in pearl millet during soil drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 447 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaochao Cai ◽  
Mutez Ali Ahmed ◽  
Michaela A. Dippold ◽  
Mohsen Zarebanadkouki ◽  
Andrea Carminati
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Xylem Water Potential

scholarly journals Optimal stomatal behavior with competition for water and risk of hydraulic impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (46) ◽  
pp. E7222-E7230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wolf ◽  
William R. L. Anderegg ◽  
Stephen W. Pacala
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Behavior ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Additional Water

For over 40 y the dominant theory of stomatal behavior has been that plants should open stomates until the carbon gained by an infinitesimal additional opening balances the additional water lost times a water price that is constant at least over short periods. This theory has persisted because of its remarkable success in explaining strongly supported simple empirical models of stomatal conductance, even though we have also known for over 40 y that the theory is not consistent with competition among plants for water. We develop an alternative theory in which plants maximize carbon gain without pricing water loss and also add two features to both this and the classical theory, which are strongly supported by empirical evidence: (i) water flow through xylem that is progressively impaired as xylem water potential drops and (ii) fitness or carbon costs associated with low water potentials caused by a variety of mechanisms, including xylem damage repair. We show that our alternative carbon-maximization optimization is consistent with plant competition because it yields an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS)—species with the ESS stomatal behavior that will outcompete all others. We further show that, like the classical theory, the alternative theory also explains the functional forms of empirical stomatal models. We derive ways to test between the alternative optimization criteria by introducing a metric—the marginal xylem tension efficiency, which quantifies the amount of photosynthesis a plant will forego from opening stomatal an infinitesimal amount more to avoid a drop in water potential.

A dynamic simulation of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedling establishment based upon carbon and water balances

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 833-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Blake ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Plant Water Potential

A generalized simulation model, ROOTSIMU, which utilizes dynamic carbon and water balance algorithms, was modified to simulate loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedling growth and water uptake for a 100-day transplant period. The modifications included an allowance for time-dependent changes in photosynthesis and carbon allocation. Heat sums were used to control the initiation of growth. Additional compartments were added to separate the physiological functions of suberized and nonsuberized roots and secondary woody tissues. Values used to initialize the model were largely derived from the published literature. The predicted results of a simulation run using 1985 and 1986 weather data are reported. Changes in simulated plant water potential were closely related to periods of rainfall or high evaporative demand. Midday values were occasionally less than −7 MPa when evaporative demand was high. Simulated responses to the 1986 drought indicated that initial soil water potentials at planting affected survival at values of less than −0.064 MPa in a sandy soil. Simulated growth was very sensitive to the photosynthetic rate, less sensitive to initial soluble carbohydrate concentration, and insensitive to instantaneous carbon allocation in relation to drought stress. The predicted increase in total root length for 1985 corresponded to the responses reported in several controlled environmental studies, but these were generally higher than those reported under field conditions. The results suggest that the carbon balance algorithm represents potential root growth within the constraints imposed by the model assumptions. The extreme diurnal fluctuations in plant water potential indicate that one or more important components of the plant system used to regulate short-term drought stress are not represented. Both stem tissue capacitance and the hydraulic conductance of mycorrhizal mycelia at low soil moisture contents may be important in controlling short-term water deficits. Further advances in the application of similar models depend upon an evaluation of these variables and a better theoretical and experimental determination of the effects of the geometry of the transplanted root system.

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