mechanical cutting
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2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hung Chen ◽  
Shiou-Yun Jeng ◽  
Cheng-Jian Lin

In the metal cutting process of machine tools, the quality of the surface roughness of the product is very important to improve the friction performance, corrosion resistance, and aesthetics of the product. Therefore, low surface roughness is ideal for mechanical cutting. If the surface roughness of the product can be predicted, not only the quality of the product can be improved but also the processing cost can be reduced. In this study a back propagation neural network (BPNN) was proposed to predict the surface roughness of the processed workpiece. ANOVA was used to analyze the influence of milling parameters, such as spindle speed, feed rate, cutting depth, and milling distance. The experimental results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) obtained by using the back propagation neural network is 0.008, which is much smaller than the 0.021 obtained by the traditional linear regression method.


ACS Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renxiao Xu ◽  
Peisheng He ◽  
Guangchen Lan ◽  
Kamyar Behrouzi ◽  
Yande Peng ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-506
Author(s):  
Eduardo Prisco Angelo ◽  
Carla Segatto Strini Paixão Voltarelli ◽  
Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli ◽  
Rouverson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Cristiano Zerbato

STUBBLE DAMAGE AND UNSETTLING INDEXES FOR DIFFERENT CUTTING AND LOADING SYSTEMS   EDUARDO PRISCO ANGELO1, CARLA SEGATTO STRINI PAIXÃO2, MURILO APARECIDO VOLTARELLI1 ROUVERSON PEREIRA DA SILVA3, CRISTIANO ZERBATO3   1 Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Lauri Simões de Barros, km 12 - SP-189 - Aracaçu, 18290-000, Buri – SP, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Sorocaba, Rodovia Senador José Ermírio de Moraes, 1425 - Jardim Constantino Matucci,18085-784, Sorocaba – SP, Brasil. [email protected] 3 Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Lauri Simões de Barros, km 12 - SP-189 - Aracaçu, 18290-000, Buri – SP, Brasil. [email protected] 4 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane S/N - Vila Industrial, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. [email protected]. 5 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane S/N - Vila Industrial, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. [email protected].   ABSTRACT: Simultaneous mechanical cutting and loading of sugarcane may trample the remaining stumbles in the harvested area, thus increasing the damage and unsettling indexes of the stubs remaining in the ground after the harvest, which, in the end, can hamper sugarcane regrowth. To this end, this work aimed to evaluate how cutting and loading systems affect sugarcane ratoon using statistical process control. The experiment was conducted in an agricultural area in Frutal, MG, in June 2014. Mechanical harvesting was conducted at a 1.1 m s-1(4.0 km h-1) average working speed and 1.50m spacing. The statistical design used was completely randomized, based on the concepts of quality control, in which the data were collected during harvesting time. The study treatments were as follows, basal cut, and mechanical sets A, B, C and D according to equipment gauge width. The stubble damage and unsettling indexes were the parameters used to determine the quality of the process under study. Set D with the widest gauge is the best option for mechanical harvesting, loading and transporting sugarcane since it has significantly lower sugarcane stubble damage and unsettling indices compared to sets A, B, and C.   Keywords: agricultural mechanization, control charts, mechanical harvest, stubble trampling, variability.   RESUMO: O corte mecânico e carregamento simultâneo da cana-de-açúcar pode atropelar a palha remanescente na área colhida, aumentando os índices de danos e abalos das socas que permanecem no solo após a colheita, o que, ao final, pode dificultar a rebrota da cana-de-açúcar. Para tanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar como os sistemas de corte e carregamento que afetam a soca de cana-de-açúcar por meio do controle estatístico do processo. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área agrícola em Frutal, MG, em junho de 2014. A colheita mecanizada foi realizada a uma velocidade média de trabalho de 1,1m s-1 (4,0 km h-1) e espaçamento de 1,50m. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em que os dados foram coletados na época da colheita. Os tratamentos estudados foram o corte basal e os conjuntos mecânicos A, B, C e D de acordo com a largura de bitola do equipamento. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o Conjunto D com a bitola mais larga é a melhor opção para colheita mecânica, carregamento e transporte da cana-de-açúcar, pois apresenta danos significativamente mais baixos à palha da cana-de-açúcar, além dos índices de abalos, quando comparados aos conjuntos A, B e C.   Palavras-chave: mecanização agrícola, cartas de controle, colheita mecanizada, pisoteio de soqueira, variabilidade.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 101896
Author(s):  
Xianbao Wang ◽  
Tiantian Chen ◽  
Xuefei Qi ◽  
Yudi Zhang ◽  
Chuyue Gao ◽  
...  

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Bartosz Pałubicki ◽  
Luďka Hlásková ◽  
Stephan Frömel-Frybort ◽  
Tomasz Rogoziński

The measurement of cutting forces permits building of physic-mechanical cutting models for a better understanding of the phenomena observed during cutting. It also permits the design and optimization of processes, machines, tools, and wood preparation. Optimization of cutting conditions of wood-based materials can decrease the cutting forces, which directly relates to the energy consumption and surface quality. The sawdust analysis may serve for analysis of cutting kinematics and occupational health risk. The aim of the study was to estimate the correlation between the feed rate and both feed force and sawdust particle size produced during particleboard circular sawing. A saw machine type K700 was used in experiments. There were three feed rates of 12, 18, and 24 m/min executed by a horizontal pneumatic actuator fixed to the sliding side table of the saw machine. Based on the results of the experiments, a positive correlation was observed between the feed rate in a circular sawing process and feed forces and an unexpected particle size distribution depending on the feed rate.


Author(s):  
I. V. Lishevich ◽  
A. V. Anisimov ◽  
A. S. Savelov ◽  
A. S. Sargsyan ◽  
M. Yu. Sobolev

The roughness of the friction surface of antifriction carbons used in sliding friction units lubricated with water affects the tribotechnical characteristics during the running-in process. This article experimentally substantiates the range of optimal surface roughness formed during mechanical cutting of carbon plastics in terms of tribotechnical efficiency. The results of a series of tribotechnical tests using various methods under various conditions (contact pressure, sliding speed, counterbody materials) are presented. The relationship between the initial roughness and the effectiveness of a running-in coating based on FORUM® polytetrafluoroethylene powder is established.


Author(s):  
Qing Tian ◽  
Pengbo Jiao ◽  
Haoliang Lu ◽  
Yanbin Zhu ◽  
Sand Wolfgang

Abstract Low-level alkalinity (pH 9–10) coupled with ultrasonic or mechanical cutting with different energy input for obtaining carbon sources were tested for sludge pretreatment process before anaerobic sludge digestion. The differences between the primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS)-derived DOM species were evaluated for their bioavailability and affinity (in the form of amino acids) to the bio-nutrient removal (BNR) biomass. Soluble microbial by-product-like substances as the predominant DOM components in the raw PS and WAS increased by 23 and 22%, respectively, after low-level alkaline treatment (pH 9–10) and ultrasonication. In addition, the protein components were degraded further as free amino acids (FAAs). The sludge-derived aspartate, glutamate, followed by arginine were most commonly used FAAs by the BNR biomass. The pattern of recovering this special sludge-derived carbon source to enhance P removal and recovery in the BNR process is depicted.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Joaquim S. Silva ◽  
Mauro Nereu ◽  
Simão Pinho ◽  
Luís Queirós ◽  
Cláudio Jesús ◽  
...  

Several eucalypt species are known for their capacity to massively regenerate through seeds in recently burned areas, becoming an ecological problem in regions where the species is not native. Here we study the demography and the development of highly dense Eucalyptus globulus wildling populations established one year after a fire and test two methods to control these populations. We monitored five mixed E. globulus stands across one year, in Central Portugal. We established a set of plots in each stand, with three treatments: mechanical cutting, herbicide spraying and no disturbance (control plots). Herbicide was applied in four concentrations. We tagged randomly selected plants in the control plots to monitor their growth. The initial mean wildling density was 322,000 plants ha−1, the highest ever recorded in the introduced range. Wildling density was significantly dependent on the density of surrounding adult E. globulus trees. Wildling density in control plots decreased 30% in one year, although showing positive variations over time because of new recruitment. Despite seasonal growth differences, wildlings showed a high growth rate throughout the year, reaching 15.6 cm month−1 in the summer. The growth rate of tagged wildings was positively affected by solar radiation and negatively affected by evapotranspiration and maximum temperature. Mechanical cutting reduced wildling density by 97% while herbicide treatment reduced density between 80% (for the lowest concentration) and 99% (for the highest concentration). Herbicide-treated plants were more likely to resprout than cut plants. Regardless of the control method adopted (cutting or herbicide), management strategies should include the follow-up of the treated areas, to detect the establishment of new recruits and resprouting.


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