Detection of Odorants through the Main Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ of Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kien Trinh ◽  
Daniel R. Storm
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium

scholarly journals Extinction reverses olfactory fear-conditioned increases in neuron number and glomerular size

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (41) ◽  
pp. 12846-12851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomene G. Morrison ◽  
Brian G. Dias ◽  
Kerry J. Ressler
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Extinction Training ◽  
Odor Stimulus ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odor Learning

Although much work has investigated the contribution of brain regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex to the processing of fear learning and memory, fewer studies have examined the role of sensory systems, in particular the olfactory system, in the detection and perception of cues involved in learning and memory. The primary sensory receptive field maps of the olfactory system are exquisitely organized and respond dynamically to cues in the environment, remaining plastic from development through adulthood. We have previously demonstrated that olfactory fear conditioning leads to increased odorant-specific receptor representation in the main olfactory epithelium and in glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. We now demonstrate that olfactory extinction training specific to the conditioned odor stimulus reverses the conditioning-associated freezing behavior and odor learning-induced structural changes in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb in an odorant ligand-specific manner. These data suggest that learning-induced freezing behavior, structural alterations, and enhanced neural sensory representation can be reversed in adult mice following extinction training.

scholarly journals Cyclophosphamide has Long-Term Effects on Proliferation in Olfactory Epithelia

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Nora Awadallah ◽  
Kara Proctor ◽  
Kyle B Joseph ◽  
Eugene R Delay ◽  
Rona J Delay
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Taste System ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Sensory Layer ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients

Abstract Chemotherapy patients often experience chemosensory changes during and after drug therapy. The chemotherapy drug, cyclophosphamide (CYP), has known cytotoxic effects on sensory and proliferating cells of the taste system. Like the taste system, cells in the olfactory epithelia undergo continuous renewal. Therefore, we asked if a single injection of 75 mg/kg CYP would affect cell proliferation in the anterior dorsomedial region of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and the vomeronasal organ (VNO) from 0 to 125 days after injection. Both epithelia showed a decrease in Ki67-labeled cells compared to controls at day 1 and no Ki67+ cells at day 2 postinjection. In the sensory layer of the MOE, cell proliferation began to recover 4 days after CYP injection and by 6 days, the rate of proliferation was significantly greater than controls. Ki67+ cells peaked 30 days postinjection, then declined to control levels at day 45. Similar temporal sequences of initial CYP-induced suppression of cell proliferation followed by elevated rates peaking 30–45 days postinjection were seen in the sustentacular layer of the MOE and all 3 areas (sensory, sustentacular, marginal) of the VNO. CYP affected proliferation in the sensory layer of the MOE more than the sustentacular layer and all 3 areas of the VNO. These findings suggest that chemotherapy involving CYP is capable of affecting cell renewal of the olfactory system and likely contributes to clinical loss of function during and after chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Development of the Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ in the Japanese Reddish Frog, Rana japonica.

1996 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi TANIGUCHI ◽  
Yoshinori TOSHIMA ◽  
Toru R. SAITO ◽  
Kazuyuki TANIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Rana Japonica

scholarly journals The Development of Olfactory Organ of Lissotriton Vulgaris (Amphibia, Caudata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Kovtun ◽  
Ya. V. Stepanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris ◽  
Olfactory Analyzer ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
Olfactory Pit

Abstract The Development of Olfactory Organ of Lissotriton vulgaris (Amphibia, Caudata). Kovtun, M. F, Stepanyuk, Ya. V. - Using common histological methods, the morphogenesis of olfactory analyzer peripheral part of Lissotriton vulgaris (Amphibia, Caudata) was studied, during the developmental period starting with olfactory pit laying and finishing with definitive olfactory organ formation. Special attention is paid to vomeronasal organ and vomeronasal gland development. Reasoning from obtained data, we consider that vomeronasal organ emerged as the result of olfactory epithelium and nasal cavity differentiation.

scholarly journals The Microvillar and Solitary Chemosensory Cells as the Novel Targets of Infection of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian Golden Hamsters

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Jin-Seok Seo ◽  
Sun-Woo Yoon ◽  
Seung-Hyeon Hwang ◽  
Sung-Min Nam ◽  
Sang-Soep Nahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Olfactory Loss ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamsters ◽  
Solitary Chemosensory Cells ◽  
Cellular Components

Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, suffer from respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. Among these symptoms, the loss of smell has attracted considerable attention. The objectives of this study were to determine which cells are infected, what happens in the olfactory system after viral infection, and how these pathologic changes contribute to olfactory loss. For this purpose, Syrian golden hamsters were used. First, we verified the olfactory structures in the nasal cavity of Syrian golden hamsters, namely the main olfactory epithelium, the vomeronasal organ, and their cellular components. Second, we found angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, a receptor protein of SARS-CoV-2, in both structures and infections of supporting, microvillar, and solitary chemosensory cells. Third, we observed pathological changes in the infected epithelium, including reduced thickness of the mucus layer, detached epithelia, indistinct layers of epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and apoptotic cells in the overall layers. We concluded that a structurally and functionally altered microenvironment influences olfactory function. We observed the regeneration of the damaged epithelium, and found multilayers of basal cells, indicating that they were activated and proliferating to reconstitute the injured epithelium.

scholarly journals Renewal and Differentiation of GCD Necklace Olfactory Sensory Neurons

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lissitsyna Bloom ◽  
Lucille B Johnston ◽  
Sandeep Robert Datta
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Horizontal Migration ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Β Tubulin

Abstract Both canonical olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and sensory neurons belonging to the guanylate cyclase D (GCD) “necklace” subsystem are housed in the main olfactory epithelium, which is continuously bombarded by toxins, pathogens, and debris from the outside world. Canonical OSNs address this challenge, in part, by undergoing renewal through neurogenesis; however, it is not clear whether GCD OSNs also continuously regenerate and, if so, whether newborn GCD precursors follow a similar developmental trajectory to that taken by canonical OSNs. Here, we demonstrate that GCD OSNs are born throughout adulthood and can persist in the epithelium for several months. Phosphodiesterase 2A is upregulated early in the differentiation process, followed by the sequential downregulation of β-tubulin and the upregulation of CART protein. The GCD and MS4A receptors that confer sensory responses upon GCD neurons are initially expressed midway through this process but become most highly expressed once CART levels are maximal late in GCD OSN development. GCD OSN maturation is accompanied by a horizontal migration of neurons toward the central, curved portions of the cul-de-sac regions where necklace cells are concentrated. These findings demonstrate that—like their canonical counterparts—GCD OSNs undergo continuous renewal and define a GCD-specific developmental trajectory linking neurogenesis, maturation, and migration.

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