scholarly journals Are Crop Coefficients for SDI Different from Those for Sprinkler Irrigation Application?

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1242
Author(s):  
Steven R. Evett ◽  
Gary W. Marek ◽  
Paul D. Colaizzi ◽  
David Brauer ◽  
Terry A. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Corn Hybrid

HighlightsCrop coefficients for SDI scheduling for grain corn should be reduced by ~10% from those used for sprinkler irrigation.FAO 56 methods to calculate crop coefficients for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch were applicable to SDI.A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to begin rapid leaf area development about 10 days earlier than older hybrids.A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to finish earlier than older hybrids by about 15 days.Abstract. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has become an important irrigation application method in the U.S. Southern High Plains where pan evaporation exceeds 2,400 mm per year. Early research comparing SDI with spray sprinklers showed that SDI was over-applied when scheduling irrigations using crop coefficients developed using sprinkler irrigation. Thus, crop coefficients developed using SDI may be smaller than those developed using sprinkler irrigation. Grain corn was grown for two years on large, precision weighing lysimeters at Bushland, Texas, with two lysimeters irrigated by SDI and two by mid-elevation spray (MESA) irrigation. Data used in this study were for fields irrigated to replenish soil water in the top 1.5 m of the soil to field capacity, as indicated by weekly neutron probe readings (100% replenishment). Crop coefficients developed for SDI (Kc_SDI) were compared with those developed for MESA (Kc_MESA) using ASCE standardized reference ET equations. The value of Kc_SDI ranged from 0.83 to 0.89 of Kc_MESA for the two years. Values of Kc_SDI remained consistently less than Kc_MESA even after maximum leaf area index was reached, indicating that considerable evaporative loss from the soil surface occurred with MESA irrigation even after full canopy cover. When we shortened the initial period after planting from 30 to 20 d and followed FAO 56 recommendations for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch, we calculated basal Kc (Kcb) values (ETo basis) that were reasonably close to our Kc values for SDI for the crop development and early mid-season periods but were greater than our data for the later mid-season and late season periods. Keywords: Crop coefficient, FAO56, MESA, SDI, Sprinkler irrigation, Subsurface drip irrigation.

scholarly journals Responses of Bacterial Community, Root-Soil Interaction and Tomato Yield to Different Practices in Subsurface Drip Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2338
Author(s):  
Jingwei Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Wenquan Niu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

The objective of this study was to reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying the soil bacterial community of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). The effect of different buried depths of drip tape (0, 10, 20, 30 cm) on the soil bacterial community in a tomato root-zone was investigated using high-throughput technology. Furthermore, the mutual effects of root growth, tomato yield and soil bacterial community were also analyzed to explore the response of root-soil interaction to the buried depth of drip tape. The results indicated that SDI (i.e., 10, 20 and 30 cm buried depths of drip tape) changed the soil bacterial community structure compared to surface drip irrigation (a 0 cm buried depth of drip tape). SDI with a 10 cm buried depth of drip tape significantly reduced the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Planctomycetes, but significantly increased the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Candidate_division_TM7 and Bacteroidetes. SDI of 20 and 30 cm buried depth significantly decreased the relative abundances of Roteobacteri, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes, however, increased the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Candidate_division_TM7 and especially some trace bacteria (for example Nitrospirae). Furthermore, under 20 cm or 30 cm of buried depth, the abundances of nitrogen metabolism and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism based on the PICRUSt (Reconstruction of Unobserved States) method were significantly improved as well as soil porosity and root forks at 0-10 cm. These changes strengthened root-soil interaction and improved tomato yield per plant by 22.47% and 19.38% under 20 cm and 30 cm of buried depth, respectively, compared to surface drip irrigation. Therefore, the responses of bacterial community and root-soil interaction to drip tape buried depth of 20 cm and 30 cm are proven to be beneficial for the increasing of tomato production.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES ON IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND PRODUCTION OF ONION

2019 ◽  
pp. 498-504
Author(s):  
Vesela Petrova - Branicheva
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

Fields studies were conducted in 2014-2015 on the territory of the experimental field Chelopechene to IPAZR "N. Poushkarov" on leached cinnamon forest soil. They were examined variants with different irrigation technologies in an optimal and reduced irrigation regime of onion: V1 - mikrosprinkler irrigation equipment - 100% irrigation rate; V2 - subsurface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate, V3 - subsurface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V4 - surface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate; V5 - surface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V6 - non-irrigated option. Reduction the irrigation rates by 50% at surface and subsurface irrigated results in a reduction in yield by 23 and 7%, and can be used when have water deficit.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DA ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.) EM FUNÇÃO DOS VALORES DE LÂMINAS DE ÁGUA APLICADOS POR GOTEJAMENTO SUPERFICIAL E SUBSUPERFICIAL

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Eder Pereira Gomes ◽  
Antonio De Pádua Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Water Rates ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Equipment Lifetime ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

PRODUTIVIDADE DA ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.) EM FUNÇÃO DOS VALORES DE LÂMINAS DE ÁGUA APLICADOS POR GOTEJAMENTO SUPERFICIAL E SUBSUPERFICIAL   Eder Pereira GomesAntônio de Pádua SousaDepto de Engenharia Rural , FCA/UNESP, CP. 237-,CEP 18603-970 – Botucatu,SP E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO   A cultura da alface é extremamente exigente em água, sendo bastante recomendável a utilização de irrigação por gotejamento, pois neste método é mais fácil se controlar o teor de água no solo próximo a capacidade de campo.Com a evolução das características hidráulicas dos emissores, vem se intensificando cada vez mais o uso do gotejamento abaixo da superfície do solo (gotejamento subsuperficial), com a alegação de se obter algumas vantagens sobre a forma tradicional (gotejamento superficial), como por exemplo a possibilidade de maior vida útil do equipamento e maior eficiência de uso da água. Almejando esta segunda possibilidade, buscou-se no presente trabalho comparar parâmetros de produtividade  da cultura da alface submetida a diferentes lâminas de irrigação através de gotejamento superficial e subsuperficial.A alface foi cultivada em um túnel alto, na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, da Faculdade Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, localizada no município de São Manuel.Instalou-se no centro do túnel um tanque Classe A que serviu de base para reposição das lâminas de irrigação. Estas lâminas foram equivalentes a 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da evaporação do tanque Classe A no intervalo entre duas irrigações, que foi igual a três dias.Entre os parâmetros estudados, as duas menores lâminas de irrigação (25% e 50%)  responderam  melhor ao gotejamento subsuperficial. Os melhores resultados obtidos,  tanto no gotejamento superficial como no subsuperficial, se deu através do manejo que utilizou uma reposição de lâmina igual a 100% da evaporação do tanque Classe A.  UNITERMOS: Lâminas de irrigação, gotejamento subsuperficial, alface   GOMES, E. P., SOUSA, A. P.  LETTUCE  YELD (Lactuca sativa L.) UNDER DIFFERENT WATER RATES APPLIED THROUGH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS.   2 ABSTRACT              Lettuce is a highly water demanding crop making drip irrigation strongly recommended in order to keep soil water content close to its field capacity.            Considering the development of the emitter hydraulic characteristics, drip irrigation under soil surface (subsurface drip irrigation) has been widely used aiming to take some advantages over the conventional method (surface drip irrigation) such as the possibility of extending the equipment lifetime. Focusing on efficient water using, this work aimed to compare  lettuce crop yield and  development parameters   under different water rates applied through subsurface and surface drip irrigation systems.            Lettuce was grown in a high plastic tunnel at the Experimental Farm in São Manuel city, Agricultural Science College, UNESP, campus of Botucatu.            An A – class evaporation tank was set up in the center of the tunnel in order to estimate water rate reposition.Water rates were about 25%, 50% and 100% tank evaporation in a 3-day interval .            Considering the studied parameters the two lowest water rates (25% and 50%)  presented  the best response to subsurface drip irrigation.            Best results were obtained for both surface and subsurface drip irrigation when water rate reposition was performed at 100% A-class tank evaporation.            KEYWORDS: lettuce, subsurface drip irrigation, water rates

scholarly journals Performance of Tomato under Subsurface Drip Irrigation Laterals placed at various Depths in Inceptisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
D K SINGH ◽  
ANANT BAHADUR ◽  
S NS CHAURASIA ◽  
SHEKHAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

Tomato is one of the important vegetable crops for nutrition security. The vegetables respond very well to proper irrigation water management towards increasing yield. A study on response of tomato under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with laterals placed at 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm depth below soil surface was carried out in inceptisols at ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi. It was found that soil water content variation was less and more favorable within top 30 cm depth of soil profile under SDI with lateral placed at 10 cm depth below soil surface. The maximum yield of tomato 52.85 t/ha was realized under SDI with lateral placed at 10 cm depth below soil surface followed by yield under 15 cm and 5 cm depth of lateral placement. It was 14.67% higher than the surface drip irrigation. The lowest yield of tomato was recorded 46.09 t/ha with surface drip irrigation. Maximum water use efficiency 1.968 t/ha-cm was obtained with SDI lateral placed at 10 cm depth below soil surface. To realize maximum yield and water use efficiency of tomato, SDI laterals could be placed at 10 cm depth below soil surface.

scholarly journals Water Use by Drip-irrigated Watermelons on Plastic Mulch

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 556F-557
Author(s):  
David A. Bender ◽  
Roland E. Roberts ◽  
Frank J. Dainello
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Watermelon is grown under a range of moisture regimes from rainfed to heavily irrigated, but water requirement patterns are not well documented. Drip irrigation and plastic mulch provide the opportunity to control water applications to optimize yield and quality. Water applied through subsurface drip irrigation was measured in two watermelon trials in 1998 (25 seeded and 20 seedless cultivars) and 1999 (26 seeded and 14 seedless cultivars) at Lubbock, Texas. Melons were transplanted in plastic-covered raised beds 13.6 m long spaced 2 m apart. Irrigation was applied when morning soil moisture tension measured by tensiometers exceeded 20 kPa. Watermelon yields ranged from 50 to 100 t·ha-1 with excellent quality. Weekly water use averaged 14 mm during the first 3 weeks of establishment then increased to 28 mm during the next 3 weeks as plants were running and blooming. During the 5-week fruit-enlargement period, water uptake averaged 57 mm, then decreased as full fruit size was attained. Similar uptake patterns in both years suggest that meaningful crop coefficients for scheduling watermelon irrigation could be based on phenological growth stages.

scholarly journals Water-Saving Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation For Winter Wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Tabassum Hussain ◽  
Hanbing Jiang ◽  
Ayesha Ahmad ◽  
Jiawei Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

Groundwater plays a major role in agro-hydrological processes in the North China Plain (NCP). The NCP is facing a water deficit, due to a rapid decline in the water table because of the double cropping system. A two crop (maize and wheat) rotation is required to balance the food supply and demand, which leads to an imbalance between evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation. Thus, there has been a decline of about 1.35 m yr−1 of groundwater (Luancheng Agroecosystem Experimental Station (LAES), NCP) during the last 10 years. Lysimeter experiments were conducted under different irrigation treatments (flood, surface drip, and subsurface drip) to account for ET in the selection of a suitable irrigation method. Subsurface drip irrigation reduced ET by 26% compared to flood irrigation, and 15% compared to surface drip irrigation, with significant grain yield and biomass formation due to decreased evaporation losses. Grain yield, yield components, and above ground biomass were similar in subsurface drip and flood irrigation. However, these biomass parameters were lower with surface drip irrigation. Furthermore, subsurface drip irrigation increased the crop water productivity (24.95%) and irrigation water productivity (19.59%) compared to flood irrigation. The subsurface irrigated plants showed an increase in net photosynthesis (~10%), higher intrinsic water use efficiency (~36%), lower transpiration rate (~22%), and saved 80 mm of water compared to flood irrigation. Our findings indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can be adopted in the NCP to increase water use efficiency, optimize grain yield, and minimize water loss in order to address scarcity.

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