Evaluation of Soil Moisture Sensing Technologies in Silt Loam and Loamy Sand Soils: Assessment of Performance, Temperature Sensitivity, and Site- and Sensor-Specific Calibration Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1139
Author(s):  
Kiran Sharma ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Meetpal S. Kukal ◽  
Mehmet C. Vuran ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Assessment Of Performance ◽  
Moisture Sensing

scholarly journals Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2, the Causative Agent of Potato Brown Rot, in Field and Microcosm Soils in Temperate Climates

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1358-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dirk van Elsas ◽  
Pieter Kastelein ◽  
Petra van Bekkum ◽  
Jean M. van der Wolf ◽  
Philippine M. de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Potato Brown Rot

After outbreaks of potato brown rot in three different fields in the Netherlands, the fate of the brown rot pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2, was monitored in soil by immunofluorescence colony staining (IFC) supported by R. solanacearum division-2 specific polymerase chain reaction. In selected areas of all fields, the R. solanacearum population densities were initially on the order 104 to 106 per g of topsoil. These population densities then declined progressively over time. In two fields, however, the pathogen persisted for periods of 10 to 12 months. The survival of a selected R. solanacearum biovar 2 isolate, strain 1609, in three soils, a loamy sand and two different silt loam soils, was further studied in soil microcosm experiments. The effects of temperature and soil moisture content were assessed. At 12 or 15 and 20°C, a gradual decline of the population densities was observed in all three soils, from the established 105 to 106 CFU g-1 of dry soil to significantly reduced levels, occasionally bordering the limit of detection (102 CFU g-1of dry soil), in periods of approximately 90 to 210 days. Soil type affected the rate of population decline at 20°C, with the greatest decline occurring in loamy sand soil. In all three soils, the survival of IFC-detectable R. solanacearum 1609 cells at 4°C was severely impaired, reflected in an accelerated decline of CFU counts, to undetectable numbers. Moreover, indications were found for the occurrence of viable but nonculturable strain 1609 cells in the loamy sand as well as in one silt loam soil under these conditions. In addition, a single freezing-thawing cycle caused a significant additional reduction of the culturable R. solanacearum 1609 populations in the three soils, though detectable populations remained. Moderate soil moisture fluctuations of approximately pF 2 did not affect the survival of R. solanacearum 1609 in soil. Severe drought, however, drastically reduced the populations of strain 1609 CFU in all three soils.

Smart Multi-Level Soil Moisture Sensing System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warisara Sriphanthaboot ◽  
Treetep Saengow ◽  
Kasama Kamonkusonman ◽  
Minthorn Phunthawornwong ◽  
Pongpith Simmanee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Moisture Sensing

scholarly journals Environmental effects on efficacy of herbicides for postemergence goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avat Shekoofa ◽  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
Daniel P. Tuck ◽  
Matthew T. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
High Soil Moisture

AbstractExperiments were conducted to understand environmental effects on efficacy of herbicides used to control goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.). Herbicides were applied to goosegrass maintained at soil moisture contents (VMC) of < 12%, 12 to 20%, or > 20%. Herbicides included fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (140 g ha−1), topramezone (25 g ha−1), foramsulfuron (44 g ha−1), 2,4-D + dicamba + MCPP + carfentrazone (860 + 80 + 270 + 28 g ha−1), and thiencarbazone-methyl + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron-methyl (22 + 45 + 69 g ha−1). Goosegrass control increased as VMC increased. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature were manipulated to determine effects of evaporative demand on foramsulfuron. Effects of soil drying were also studied following foramsulfuron application. Reductions in transpiration rate (TR) and leaf area were greatest with foramsulfuron applications to goosegrass in silt-loam under high evaporative demand (3 kPa VPD, 38 °C). Foramsulfuron had no effect on goosegrass in silica-sand regardless of evaporative demand. TR dropped to 0.2 mmh−1 within eight days after application to goosegrass in silt-loam compared to 18 days in silica-sand. Overall, foramsulfuron efficacy on goosegrass was maximized under conditions of high soil moisture and evaporative demand, and may be reduced in sandy soils that hold less water.

scholarly journals Using Soil Solution Monitoring to Determine the Effects of Irrigation Management and Fertigation on Nitrogen Availability in High-density Apple Orchards

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Neilsen ◽  
P. Parchomchuk ◽  
G.H. Neilsen ◽  
E.J. Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Loam Soil

Direct application of fertilizers in irrigation water (fertigation) is an efficient method of supplying nutrients to fruit trees. Information is needed on the relationship between irrigation and N inputs on N availability in order to target nutrient applications to meet plant demands. Soil solution was collected from permanently installed suction lysimeters and NO3-N concentration was measured over the growing season in three experiments: 1) comparison of sprinkler irrigation + broadcast fertilizer with weekly fertigation + daily drip irrigation; 2) comparison of (NH4)2SO4 or Ca(NO3)2 as N sources under daily fertigation; and 3) comparisons of combinations of irrigation applied at either fixed rates or to meet evaporative demand and fertilizer (Ca(NO3)2) applied daily either at fixed rates or to maintain a given concentration in the fertigation solution in two soil types—loamy sand and silt loam. Trials are located in high density apple plantings of either `Gala' or `Empire' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) on M.9 rootstock. Nitrate-N concentration in the soil solution measured at 30 cm deep remained higher, over more of the growing season, for weekly fertigation + daily drip irrigation than for a single broadcast fertilizer application + sprinkler irrigation. With daily Ca(NO3)2 fertigation, soil solution NO3- N concentrations increased and decreased rapidly with the onset and end of fertigation respectively, remained relatively constant during the intervening period and were directly proportional to either the amount of N or the amount of irrigation water added. Daily fertigation with (NH4)2SO4 resulted in less control of NO3-N availability in the root-zone than with Ca(NO3)2, which may be problematic for precise timing of N nutrition. Except for the fixed irrigation rate applied to the loamy sand soil, soil solution NO3-N concentrations at 30 cm beneath the emitter were similar to average concentrations in the fertigating solution, for all methods of irrigation management in both soil types. Elevated NO3-N concentrations in soil solution below the root zone (75 cm deep) were detected in the loamy sand regardless of methods of N application and irrigation although there was some evidence of less leaching to this depth, under scheduled irrigation. In the silt loam soil, considerably lower concentrations of NO3-N were found beneath the root zone than at 30 cm deep for all of irrigation procedures and frequently there was insufficient water moving to 75 cm to provide sample. Tree growth in the loamy sand was less than in the silt loam soil; was limited by low application of irrigation water in 1992 and 1993; was unaffected by NO3-N concentration in the root zone, indicating that N inputs could be minimized by adding N to maintain concentrations of 75 μg·mL-1 or possibly less. Nitrogen inputs may also be reduced if fertilizer N and irrigation water could be retained within the root zone. For coarse-textured soils this will require precise additions of water and possibly soil amendments to improve water holding capacity.

scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture condition on the conversion rate of oxamyl.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
J.H. Smelt ◽  
A. Dekker ◽  
M. Leistra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Wilting Point

The decomposition of oxamyl in four soils under moist conditions was measured in incubation experiments at 15 deg C. Half-lives of oxamyl in soils with moisture tensions of approx. -9.8 X 103 Pa were 13 days in a clay loam, 14 days in a loamy sand, 34 days in a peaty sand and 39 days in a humic loamy sand. The rate of oxamyl decomposition in the clay loam decreased with decreasing soil moisture content down to values for below wilting point. Oxamyl decomposition in the humic loamy sand decreased with decreasing soil moisture content, but increased sharply in the very dry range. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Significance of soil respiration from biological activity in the degradation processes of different types of organic matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil

Soil respiration is a major component of global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the environmental controls on soil respiration for evaluating potential response of ecosystems to climate change. In a temperate deciduous forest (located in Northern-Hungary) we added or removed aboveground and belowground litter to determine total soil respiration. We investigated the relationship between total soil CO2 efflux, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Soil CO2 efflux was measured at each plot using soda-lime method. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was monitored via measuring soil temperature on an hourly basis, while soil moisture was determined monthly. Soil respiration increased in control plots from the second year after implementing the treatment, but results showed fluctuations from one year to another. The effect of doubled litter was less significant than the effect of removal. Removed litter and root inputs caused substantial decrease in soil respiration. We found that temperature was more influential in the control of soil respiration than soil moisture. In plots with no litter Q10 varied in the largest interval. For treatment with doubled litter layer, temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux did not change considerably. The effect of increasing soil temperature is more conspicuous to soil respiration in litter removal treatments since lack of litter causes greater irradiation. When exclusively leaf litter was considered, the effect of temperature on soil respiration was lower in treatments with added litter than with removed litter. Our results reveal that soil life is impacted by the absence of organic matter, rather than by an excess of organic matter. Results of CO2 emission from soils with different organic matter content can contribute to sustainable land use, considering the changed climatic factors caused by global climate change.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Near-Surface Temperature Forecasts to Soil Properties over a Sparsely Vegetated Dryland Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1976-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Massey ◽  
W. James Steenburgh ◽  
Sebastian W. Hoch ◽  
Jason C. Knievel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ground Heat Flux ◽  
Loam Soil

AbstractWeather Research and Forecasting Model forecasts over the Great Salt Lake Desert erroneously underpredict nocturnal cooling over the sparsely vegetated silt loam soil area of Dugway Proving Ground in northern Utah, with a mean positive bias error in temperature at 2 m AGL of 3.4°C in the early morning [1200 UTC (0500 LST)]. Positive early-morning bias errors also exist in nearby sandy loam soil areas. These biases are related to the improper initialization of soil moisture and parameterization of soil thermal conductivity in silt loam and sandy loam soils. Forecasts of 2-m temperature can be improved by initializing with observed soil moisture and by replacing Johansen's 1975 parameterization of soil thermal conductivity in the Noah land surface model with that proposed by McCumber and Pielke in 1981 for silt loam and sandy loam soils. Case studies illustrate that this change can dramatically reduce nighttime warm biases in 2-m temperature over silt loam and sandy loam soils, with the greatest improvement during periods of low soil moisture. Predicted ground heat flux, soil thermal conductivity, near-surface radiative fluxes, and low-level thermal profiles also more closely match observations. Similar results are anticipated in other dryland regions with analogous soil types, sparse vegetation, and low soil moisture.

The CIMR mission and its unique capabilities for soil moisture sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Piles ◽  
Roberto Fernandez-Moran ◽  
Luis Gómez-Chova ◽  
Gustau Camps-Valls ◽  
Dara Entekhabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Microwave Radiometers ◽  
Moisture Sensing

&lt;p&gt;The Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) mission is currently being developed as a High Priority Copernicus Mission to support the Integrated European Policy for the Arctic. Due to its measurement characteristics, CIMR has exciting capabilities to enable a unique set of land surface products and science applications at a global scale. These characteristics go beyond what previous microwave radiometers (e.g. AMSR series, SMAP and SMOS) provide, and therefore allow for entirely new approaches to the estimation of bio-geophysical products from brightness temperature observations. Most notably, CIMR channels (L-,C-,X-,Ka-,Ku-bands) are very well fit for the simultaneous retrieval of soil moisture and vegetation properties, like biomass and moisture of different plant components such as leaves, stems or trunks. Also, the distinct spatial resolution of each frequency band allows for the development of approaches to cascade information and obtain these properties at multiple spatial scales. From a temporal perspective, CIMR has a higher revisit time than previous L-band missions dedicated to soil moisture monitoring (about 1 day global, sub-daily at the poles). This improved temporal resolution could allow resolving critical time scales of water processes, which is relevant to better model and understand land-atmosphere exchanges and feedbacks. In this presentation, new opportunities for soil moisture remote sensing made possible by the CIMR mission, as well as synergies and cross-sensor opportunities will be discussed.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

3D soil moisture sensing and imaging

2015 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
I. Gravalos ◽  
A. Georgiadis ◽  
D. Kateris ◽  
O. Haralampous ◽  
T. Gialamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Sensing
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