Protection of historic stained glass

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
S. Strobl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Jacobi Process ◽  
The Middle Ages

The process of deterioration of a stained glass window, more precisely of its component glass, lead and paint pigments, has in recent decades been researched thoroughly and is now well understood. The need for the protection in particular of the potash window glasses of the middle ages therefore is widely accepted but not the means of how to achieve this aim. Early attempts such as coatings applied on the glass or the sandwich process, known as Jacobi–Process, have failed for a variety of reasons and with disastrous consequences. Short of removing the windows to safe storage, the only response currently available is the creation of a museum like condition on site in the form of the introduction of an isothermal glazing system. Despite its unquestioned merits, the isothermal glazing system is still in dispute mainly because of its interference with a given historic setting. A variety of designs for the isothermal glazing will be discussed, all aimed at minimising their physical and visual impact on the building, making a strong case in favour of this important protective measure.

scholarly journals Remembering Thomas Becket in Saint-Lô

Arts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Alyce A. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Middle Ages

France numbered second only to England in its veneration of the martyred archbishop of Canterbury. Nowhere in France was that veneration more widespread than Normandy, where churches and chapels devoted to Saint Thomas, many embellished with sculptures, paintings, and stained-glass windows, appeared throughout the Middle Ages. A nineteenth-century resurgence of interest in the martyred archbishop of Canterbury gave rise to a new wave of artistic production dedicated to him. A number of these modern commissions appear in the same sites and thus in direct visual dialogue with their medieval counterparts. This essay examines the long legacy of artistic dedications to Saint-Thomas in the town of Saint-Lô. It considers the medieval and modern contexts underpinning the creation of these works and what they reveal about Thomas Becket’s enduring import across nine centuries of Saint-Lô’s history.

Mandelstam: The Realm of Unexpectedness

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Neretina
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
Logical Construction ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Middle Ages

In the essay “Conversation about Dante,” Mandelstam described logic, which he defined as the “realm of unexpectedness,” which is unlike any everyday logical construction. Based on the analysis of Mandelstam’s text, it is assumed that we are talking about a tropology that arose in the Middle Ages, the principles of which can be derived from studies of St. Augustine’s treatise De Dialectica and Petrus Сomestor’s Historia Scholastica. It is this triple commonwealth (Augustine – Comestor – Dante, read by Mandelstam) that creates the multilayered logical framework of the work. Augustine created a completely different dialectic than in classical antiquity. Augustine considers dialectics as an art of discussion and describes the real steps that contribute to the emergence of speech, which corresponds to Mandelstam’s concept of conversation. According to Augustine, at the basis of any speech, is a trope-turn. In the article, attention is drawn to the sound nature of creation process. This logic, used in explaining the creation of the world according to the logos/word (tropology), assumes that, at the basis of the speech act, there is no the word as a unit of speech, but the sound itself – the sound, which was considered initially equivocal (ambiguous). In the process of pronounciation, the sound could turn into its opposite and could change the meaning of speech if the context has been changed. Dante expressed the meaning of tropology in practice. Mandelstam wrote that he had chosen Dante for the conversation (between poet and poet) “because he is the greatest and indisputable master of reversible and reversing poetic substance.” Mandelstam saw Dante as the Descartes of metaphor.

scholarly journals Las técnicas constructivas en las murallas medievales de Almería

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gurriarán Daza
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Typical Scheme ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Middle Ages

Building techniques in the medieval walls of AlmeríaAlmería was one of the most important cities in al-Andalus, a circumstance that was possible thanks to the strength of its port. Its foundation as an urban entity during the Caliphate of Córdoba originated a typical scheme of an Islamic city organized by a medina and a citadel, both walled. Subsequent city’s growths, due to the creation of two large suburbs commencing in the eleventh century, also received defensive works, creating a system of fortifications that was destined to defend the place during the rest of the Middle Ages. In this work we will analyse the construction techniques used in these military works, which cover a wide period from the beginning of the tenth century until the end of the fifteenth century. Although ashlar stone was used in the Caliphate fortification, in most of these constructions bricklayer techniques were used, more modest but very useful. In this way, the masonry and rammed earth technique were predominant, giving rise to innumerable constructive phases that in recent times are being studied with archaeological methodology, thus to know better their evolution and main characteristics. 

Justice in the paradigm of the Philosophy of Law: analytical review

2021 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Vasily I. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epistemological Basis ◽  
The Middle Ages

The author analyzes the process of accumulation of knowledge in the field of philosophy and law in order to create an epistemological basis for the perception of justice in the paradigm of the Philosophy of Law. The analytical review is based on the analysis of philosophical, theological, historical and other theories developed from ancient times to the present. The author focuses on the works of ancient thinkers (first of all, Plato, his disciple Aristotle, their followers, Roman authors), the works of scientists who created original concepts and enriched jurisprudence in the Middle Ages, the new and the newest times. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of theories that brought science closer to the creation of a theory of justice in the context of the Philosophy of Law. The author also describes the theories of justice of law developed by the largest scientists of the XX century, J.ºRawls, H. Otfried, F. von Hayek, Ph. Selznick, etc. The article considers the contribution to the development of knowledge about justice in the paradigm of the Philosophy of Law made by the local legal scholars, Soviet scientists, the largest modern specialists in this field, including V.D. Zorkin, V.I. Khairullin, etc. Based on the results of the analytical review, the main conclusions are developed and the author's definition of justice in the format of the Philosophy of Law is given.

scholarly journals Royal Divine Coronation Iconography. Preliminary Considerations

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Vagnoni
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Middle Ages

In recent decades, art historians have stressed the benefits of analysing medieval images and their contents within their specific context and, in particular, have underlined the importance of their visual impact on contemporary beholders to determine their functions and specific meanings. In other words, in the analysis of a medieval image, it has become fundamental to verify where it was collocated and whom it was aimed at, and which practical reasons it was made for (its visibility, fruition, and usability). As a result, new perspectives have been opened, creating an active historiographical debate about one of the most fascinating and studied iconographic themes of the Middle Ages: the royal divine coronation. Hence, there has been a complete rethinking of the function and meaning of this iconographic theme. For instance, the divine coronation of the king might not symbolically allude to his earthly power but to the devotional hope of receiving the crown of eternal life in the afterworld. Moreover, in the specific case of some Ottonian and Salian illuminations, historiographers have proposed that their function was not only celebrative (a manifesto of the political ideologies that legitimized power), but also liturgical and religious. This paper places this topic in a historiographical framework and provides some preliminary methodological considerations in order to stimulate new research.

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