scholarly journals The Physiological responses of four soybean varieties and their effect to the yield in several saturated soil culture modification

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyip ◽  
MUNIF GHULAMAHDI ◽  
DIDY SOPANDIE ◽  
SANDRA A AZIZ ◽  
ATANG SUTANDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Toyip, Ghulamahdi M, Sopandie D, Aziz SA, Sutandi A, Purwanto MYJ. 2019. Physiological responses of four soybean varieties and their effect to the yield in several saturated soil culture modification. Biodiversitas 20: 2266-2272. This study aimed to evaluate the production and physiological response of four soybean varieties in saturated soil culture (SSC), compared to conventional dry culture on tidal swamp soil growing media. Four popular varieties in Indonesia, namely Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Tanggamus and Malika, were planted on undisturbed intact tidal swamp soil from Jambi from November 2016 to March 2017 at Bogor. Randomized completely block design with two factors applied in this work, i.e. 4 varieties namely Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Tanggamus and Malika; and 9 culture methods such as dry culture as control of no SSC (i), 1 months SSC (ii), 1.5 months SSC (iii), 2 months SSC (iv), continuous SSC (v), 1 months SSC with water improvement (vi), 1.5 months SSC with water improvement (vii), 2 months SSC with water improvement (viii), and continuous SSC with water improvement (ix). The results showed that (i) pod production per plant was significantly affected by the interaction of both factors; (ii) different varieties lead to significant different of physiological response, i.e. photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency; (iii) the variation of culture methods only showed a significant effect on photosynthetic rate, i.e. saturated soil culture with water improvement (SSC WI) showed 48% and 18% higher photosynthetic rate than dry culture and regular SSC methods, respectively. Pod production was positively correlated to photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency; and negatively correlated to transpiration and stomatal conductance. The highest number of pod production per plant was achieved by Malika variety that planted in 2 months SSC WI.

scholarly journals Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of Eutrema japonica (Siebold) Koidz. under the pulsed LEDs for simulated sunflecks

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hoon Park ◽  
Sang Bum Kim ◽  
Eung Pill Lee ◽  
Seung Yeon Lee ◽  
Eui Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background The sunfleck is an important light environmental factor for plants that live under the shade of trees. Currently, the smartfarm has a system that can artificially create these sunfleks. Therefore, it was intended to find optimal light conditions by measuring and analyzing photosynthetic responses of Eutrema japonica (Miq.) Koidz., a plant living in shade with high economic value under artificial sunflecks. Results For this purpose, we used LED pulsed light as the simulated sunflecks and set the light frequency levels of six chambers to 20 Hz, 60 Hz, 180 Hz, 540 Hz, 1620 Hz, and 4860 Hz of a pulsed LED grow system in a plant factory and the duty ratio of the all chambers was set to 30%, 50%, and 70% every 2 weeks. We measured the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and substomatal CO2 partial pressure of E. japonica under each light condition. We also calculated the results of measurement, A/Ci, and water use efficiency. According to our results, the photosynthetic rate was not different among different duty ratios, the transpiration rate was higher at the duty ratio of 70% than 30% and 50%, and stomatal conductance was higher at 50% and 70% than at 30%. In addition, the substomatal CO2 partial pressure was higher at the duty ratio of 50% than 30% and 70%, and A/Ci was higher at 30% than 50% and 70%. Water use efficiency was higher at 30% and 50% than at 70%. While the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance generally tended to become higher as the frequency level decreased, other physiological items did not change with different frequency levels. Conclusions Our results showed that 30% and 50% duty ratios could be better in the cultivation of E. japonica due to suffering from water stress as well as light stress in environments with the 70% duty ratio by decreasing water use efficiency. These results suggest that E. japonica is adapted under the light environment with nature sunflecks around 30–50% duty ratio and low light frequency around 20 Hz.

scholarly journals Response of Two Salix L. Species to Water Deficit

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena P. Zhivotovsky ◽  
Yulia A. Kuzovkina
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water

Abstract Physiological responses and growth of two Salix species — S. miyabeana and S. cinerea — were compared during one and two drought cycles. Photosynthetic rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) were determined for each species. The highest total biomass and root: shoot ratio were recorded for S. cinerea. After two drought cycles, S. cinerea had significantly higher Asat at wilting and recovery stages compared to S. miyabeana. In addition, after two drought cycles, the stem water potential and water use efficiency were higher in S. cinerea than in S. miyabeana. Based on the results obtained in this study, S. cinerea is more drought tolerant than S. miyabeana.

Boron Supply and Water Deficit Consequences in Young Paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca do Carmo SILVA ◽  
Pêola Reis de SOUZA ◽  
Daihany Moraes CALLEGARI ◽  
Vanessa Ferreira ALVES ◽  
Allan Klynger da Silva LOBATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
Use Efficiency

Boron (B) is a very important nutrient required by forest plants; when supplied in adequate amounts, plants can ameliorate the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to (i) investigate gas exchange, (ii) measure oxidant and antioxidant compounds, and (iii) respond how B supply acts on tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants. The experiment employed a factorial that was entirely randomised, with two boron levels (25 and 250 µmol L-1, simulating conditions of sufficient B and high B, respectively) and two water conditions (control and water deficit). Water deficit induced negative modifications on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency, while B high promoted intensification of the effects on stomatal conductance and water use efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage of both tissues suffered non-significant increases after B high and when applied water deficit. Ascorbate levels presented increases after water deficit and B high to leaf and root. Our results suggested that the tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants is coupled to increases in total glutathione and ascorbate aiming to control the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide and alleviates the negative consequences on electrolyte leakage and gas exchange. In relation to B supply, this study proved that sufficient level promoted better responses under control and water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Trehalose induces tomato defenses and increases drought tolerance and bacterial wilt disease resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
April M MacIntyre ◽  
Valerian Meline ◽  
Zachary Gorman ◽  
Steven P Augustine ◽  
Carolyn J Dye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Use Efficiency

Ralstonia solanacearum causes plant bacterial wilt disease, leading to severe crop losses. Xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected tomato is enriched in host produced trehalose. Water stressed plants accumulate the disaccharide trehalose, which increases drought tolerance via abscisic acid (ABA) signaling networks. Because infected plants have reduced water flow, we hypothesized that bacterial wilt physiologically mimics drought stress, which trehalose could mitigate. Transcriptomic responses of susceptible vs. resistant tomato plants to R. solanacearum infection revealed differential expression of drought-associated genes, including those involved in ABA and trehalose metabolism. ABA was enriched in xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected plants. Treating roots with ABA lowered stomatal conductance and reduced R. solanacearum stem colonization. Treating roots with trehalose increased ABA in xylem sap and reduced plant water use by reducing stomatal conductance and temporarily improving water use efficiency. Further, trehalose-treated plants were more resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Trehalose treatment also upregulated expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense genes, increased xylem sap levels of SA and other antimicrobial compounds, and increased wilt resistance of SA-insensitive NahG tomato plants. Additionally, trehalose treatment increased xylem concentrations of jasmonic acid and related oxylipins. Together, these data show that exogenous trehalose reduced both water stress and bacterial wilt disease and triggered systemic resistance. This suite of responses revealed unexpected linkages between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress and suggests that that R. solanacearum-infected tomato plants produce more trehalose to improve water use efficiency and increase wilt disease resistance. In turn, R. solanacearum degrades trehalose as a counter-defense.

scholarly journals Apparent Tolerance of Low Water Availability in Temperate Asian Bamboos1

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Smith ◽  
Richard N. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
North American ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Pleioblastus Chino

Abstract Suitable plant water dynamics and the ability to withstand periods of low moisture input facilitate plant establishment in seasonally arid regions. Temperate bamboos are a major constituent of mixed evergreen and deciduous forests throughout temperate East Asia but play only an incidental role in North American forests and are altogether absent in the Pacific Northwest forest. Many bamboo species are classified as mesic or riparian, but none are considered drought tolerant. To assess their ability to withstand low water, we subjected five Asian temperate and one North American temperate bamboo species to three irrigation treatments: 100%, 50%, and 10% replacement of water lost through evapotranspiration. Plants were irrigated every four days over a 31-day period. Plant response to treatments was measured with stomatal conductance, leaf xylem water potentials, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Pleioblastus distichus and Pseudosasa japonica showed significant reductions in conductance between high and low irrigation treatments. Sasa palmata had significantly lower stomatal conductance in all treatments. Pleioblastus chino displayed significantly higher iWUE in the mid irrigation treatment and Arunindaria gigantea displayed significantly lower iWUE than P. chino and S. palmata in the low irrigation treatment. The Asian bamboo species examined here tolerate low water availability and readily acclimate to different soil moisture conditions. Index words: Temperate bamboos, irrigation response, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency. Species used in this study: Giant Cane [Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.]; Pleioblastus chino (Franchet & Savatier) Makino; Pleioblastus distichus (Mitford) Nakai; Pseudosasa japonica (Makino); Sasa palmata (Bean) Nakai.

scholarly journals Response of Corn Varieties under Saturated Soil Culture and Temporary Flooding in Tidal Swamp

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Arlingga Ichwan Maulana ◽  
Munif Ghulamahdi ◽  
Iskandar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Main Plot

Corn is one of the important food crops and feeds in the world. Conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land is one of the major causes of the decline in corn production. Saturated soil culture (SSC) is a cultivation technology that gives continuous irrigation and maintains water depth constantly and makes soil layer in saturated condition. This technology can prevent pyrite oxidation in the tidal swamp. This research aimed to study the effect of temporary fl ooding under saturated soil culture on the growth and productivity of corn. The research was conducted at Karya Bhakti village, Rantau Rasau, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The experiment used a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is fl ooding condition, consisted of 1) saturated soil condition continuously, from planting until harvesting time (as control), and 2) saturated soil condition from 0 to 10 DAP (Days after Planting) + fl ooding from 11 to 13 DAP + saturated soil condition from 14 to 28 DAP + fl ooding from 29-31 DAP + saturated soil condition from 32 DAP until harvesting time. The subplot is corn variety, “Sukmaraga”, “Bisma”, “Pioneer 27”, and “Bima 20”. “Pioneer 27” had the highest productivity of 9.33 t.ha-1. Corn varieties with moderate tolerance to temporary fl ooding were “Sukmaraga” and “Bisma”, whereas “Pioneer 27” and “Bima 20” are sensitive to fl ooding.

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