bacterial wilt disease
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Bangwei Wang ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
Derui Huang ◽  
Yuyao Zhang ◽  
...  

Pogostemon cablin (patchouli), an important medicinal and aromatic plant, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in perfume industry. Patchouli plants are susceptible to bacterial wilt disease, which causes significant economic losses by reduction in yield and quality of the plant products. However, few studies focus on the pathogens causing bacterial wilt on patchouli. In this study, strain Pa82 was isolated from diseased patchouli plants with typical bacterial wilt symptoms in Guangdong province, China, and was confirmed to be a highly virulent pathogen of patchouli bacterial wilt. Comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain was closely related to Kosakonia sp. CCTCC M2018092 (99.9% similarity) and Kosakonia cowanii Esp_Z (99.8% similarity). Moreover, phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was affiliated with genus Kosakonia. Further, the whole genome of strain Pa82 was sequenced, and the sequences were assembled and annotated. The complete genome of the strain consists of one chromosome and three plasmids. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain belongs to Kosakonia cowanii (designated Kosakonia cowanii Pa82). Virulence-related genes of the strain involved in adherence, biofilm formation, endotoxin and other virulence factors were predicted. Among them, vgrG gene that encodes one of the type VI secretion system components was functionally validated as a virulence factor in Kosakonia cowanii Pa82 through construction of Tn5 insertion mutants and identification of mutant defective in virulence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-678
Author(s):  
S. Hansda ◽  
◽  
I. Jamir ◽  
K. Pramanik ◽  
J. Banerjee ◽  
...  

The experiment was conducted at C-Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India during 2017–18 to screen eight brinjal germplasm lines against BW disease using tollinterleukin-1 receptors (TIR)-NBS-LRR type R-gene specific degenerate primer. The study showed that wild genotype S. torvum was highly resistant to bacterial wilt incidence with no wilting symptom whereas two cultivated genotypes (Utkal Anushree and Utkal Madhuri) and one wild genotype S. sisymbriifolium were found to be resistant to BW disease. Out of the 7 germplasm sequences, 2 had no match with R-genes whereas the remaining 5 sequences have 70-93% homology with R-genes of other plant species submitted in Gene Bank sequence database. Nearly 90% sequence identity of brinjal NBS-LRR RGA was found by analyzing through BLASTn with NBS-LRR RGAs of other solanaceous crops. Two cultivated resistant genotypes (Utkal Madhuri and Utkal Tarini) were similar to the wild resistant type S. sisymbriifloium, while cultivable resistant genotype Utkal Anushree was highly different at sequence level. Two cultivable susceptible genotypes (BCB-30 and Garia) showed high level of similarity among them and they were strongly associated with the wild susceptible genotype S. macrocarpum. Two cultivable genotypes Utkal Anushree and Utkal Madhuri could be utilized in future breeding programme and two wild genotypes S. torvum and S. sisymbriifolium could be used as resistant rootstocks in brinjal grafting.


Author(s):  
Erika Valente de Medeiros ◽  
Neyla Thayná Lima ◽  
José Romualdo de Sousa Lima ◽  
Kedma Maria Silva Pinto ◽  
Diogo Paes da Costa ◽  
...  

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
You Zhou ◽  
Laying Yang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Lijia Guo ◽  
Junsheng Huang

(1) Background: Ralstonia solanacearum causes tomato bacterial wilt disease, one of the most serious tomato diseases. As the combination of Trichoderma virens (Tvien6) and Bacillus velezensis (X5) was more effective at controlling tomato bacterial wilt disease than a single agent, we investigated the synergistic effect of Tvien6 and X5 in controlling this disease; (2) Methods: The disease incidence, plant heights and weights, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD values), defensive enzymes (PPO, POD, and SOD) activities, and metabolome were estimated among four treatment groups (BR treatment, X5 + R. solanacearum (RS-15); TR treatment, Tvien6+ RS-15; TBR treatment, Tvien6 + X5 + RS-15; and R treatment, RS-15); (3) Results: The R treatment group had the highest disease incidence and lowest plant heights, plant weights, SPAD values, defensive enzyme activities, and D-fructose and D-glucose contents; the TBR treatment group had the lowest disease incidence and highest plant heights, plant weights, SPAD values, defensive enzyme activities, and D-fructose and D-glucose contents; (4) Conclusions: The results revealed that Tvien6 and X5 can both individually promote tomato plant growth, increase leaf chlorophyll content, enhance defensive enzyme activities, and induce the accumulation of D-fructose and D-glucose; however, they were more effective when combined.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2123
Author(s):  
Nandhitha Venkatesh ◽  
Max J. Koss ◽  
Claudio Greco ◽  
Grant Nickles ◽  
Philipp Wiemann ◽  
...  

In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of plant disease in natural and agricultural ecosystems, it is essential to examine plant disease in multi-pathogen–host systems. Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici are vascular wilt pathogens that can result in heavy yield losses in susceptible hosts such as tomato. Although both pathogens occupy the xylem, the costs of mixed infections on wilt disease are unknown. Here, we characterize the consequences of co-infection with R. solanacearum and F. oxysporum using tomato as the model host. Our results demonstrate that bacterial wilt severity is reduced in co-infections, that bikaverin synthesis by Fusarium contributes to bacterial wilt reduction, and that the arrival time of each microbe at the infection court is important in driving the severity of wilt disease. Further, analysis of the co-infection root secretome identified previously uncharacterized secreted metabolites that reduce R. solanacearum growth in vitro and provide protection to tomato seedlings against bacterial wilt disease. Taken together, these results highlight the need to understand the consequences of mixed infections in plant disease.


2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
G N C Tuhumury ◽  
J V Hasinu ◽  
H Kesaulya

Abstract Ralstonia solanocearum is a pathogenic bacteria that attacks tomatoes and causes wilt disease. Many efforts have been made to control this disease through cultivation, use of chemical pesticides, and development of resistant varieties, but bacterial wilt disease remains a serious problem economically. Nowadays, many biological controls are being developed using microbes. The use of Bacillus spp as an unfriendly microbe is very potential to control because it has pathogenic inhibitory activity. This study aims to obtain bacterial isolates of Bacillus spp which can suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants. The research was conducted in vitro at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology in the Agriculture Faculty, Unpatti. The results showed that Bacillus niabensis strain PT-32-1 and Bacillus subtilis strain SW116b could inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum, wilt disease in tomato plants in vitro.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-chao Shang ◽  
Xianjie Cai ◽  
Yanan Zhou ◽  
Xiaobin Han ◽  
Cheng-Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  

Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere play an important role in sustaining plant growth and the health of diverse soils. Recent studies have demonstrated that microbial keystone taxa in the rhizosphere microbial community are extremely critical for the suppression of diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in disease suppression by keystone species remain unclear. The present study assessed the effects of three Pseudomonas strains, which were identified as keystone species in our previous study, on the growth performance and root-associated bacterial community of tobacco plants. A high relative abundance of Ralstonia was found in the non-inoculated group, while a large Azospira population was observed in all groups inoculated with the three Pseudomonas strains. Correspondingly, the activities of the defense-related enzymes and the expression levels of the defense signaling marker genes of the plant were increased after inoculation with the Pseudomonas strains. Moreover, the correlation analyses showed that the relative abundance of Azospira, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase, and the expression of H1N1, ACC Oxidase, and PR1 a/c had a significantly negative (p<0.05) relationship with the abundance of Ralstonia. This further revealed that the keystone species, such as Pseudomonas spp., can suppress bacterial wilt disease by enhancing the systemic resistance of tobacco plants.


Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lv Su ◽  
Pengfei Qiu ◽  
Zhiying Fang ◽  
Xingxia Mo ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
...  

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a distributed and worldwide soil-borne disease. The application of biocontrol microbes or agricultural chemicals has been widely used to manage tomato bacterial wilt. However, whether and how agricultural chemicals affect the antagonistic ability of biocontrol microbes is still unknown. Here, we combined potassium phosphite (K-Phite), an environmentally friendly agricultural chemical, and the biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QPF8 (strain F8) to manage tomato bacterial wilt disease. First, K-Phite at a concentration of 0.05% (w/v) could significantly inhibit the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum. Second, 0.05% K-Phite enhanced the antagonistic capability of B. amyloliquefaciens F8. Third, the greenhouse soil experiments showed that the control efficiency for tomato bacterial wilt in the combined treatment was significantly higher than that of the application of B. amyloliquefaciens F8 or K-Phite alone. Overall, our results highlighted a novel strategy for the control of tomato bacterial wilt disease via application and revealed a new integrated pattern depending on the enhancement of the antagonistic capability of biocontrol microbes by K-Phite.


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