scholarly journals Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafia Zahra ◽  
RICHARD W. HOFSTETTER ◽  
KRISTEN M. WARING ◽  
CATHERINE GEHRING
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Zahra S, Hofstetter RW, Waring KM, Gehring C. 2020. Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies. Biodiversitas 21: 104-116. Acacia nilotica, commonly called prickly acacia, is infamous for its ability to invade various ecosystems, especially savannah. The tree was introduced to Baluran National Park (BNP), Indonesia in 1969 and nowadays has invaded more than 50% of BNP savannah habitat. Its presence has had significant negative impacts on local flora and fauna of the park. Physical and chemical eradication efforts of this plant have been conducted in the park but these have failed. Little is known about the tree invasion in Indonesia and no control suggestions have previously been proposed. Here, we review the causes and history of the invasion of this tree, describe previous attempts to eradicate the tree, and provide possible containment and control strategies. We describe 12 strategies based on successes and failures to control this tree in Indonesia and other countries and divide the methods into four categories: (i) physical: girdling the trunk, uprooting with winch, manual seedling uprooting, defloration, and restoration with fire; (ii) chemical: using biochar or herbicides; (iii) biological: using native plant competitors (grasses, shade trees), predators (insect) and pathogens (fungi) or microorganisms; (iv) social: centralized tree utilization, education outreach, and stakeholder collaboration. We summarize the relative effectiveness and efficiency of each method and explain how to integrate the aforementioned methods to help authorities choose the most appropriate strategies for their resources, needs and goals.

scholarly journals Detection of the Emerging Picornavirus Senecavirus A in Pigs, Mice, and Houseflies

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1536-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lok R. Joshi ◽  
Kristin A. Mohr ◽  
Travis Clement ◽  
Kyle S. Hain ◽  
Bryan Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vesicular Disease

Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus that has been recently associated with an increased number of outbreaks of vesicular disease and neonatal mortality in swine. Many aspects of SVA infection biology and epidemiology remain unknown. Here, we present a diagnostic investigation conducted in swine herds affected by vesicular disease and increased neonatal mortality. Clinical and environmental samples were collected from affected and unaffected herds and were screened for the presence of SVA by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and virus isolation. Notably, SVA was detected and isolated from vesicular lesions and tissues of affected pigs, environmental samples, mouse feces, and mouse small intestine. SVA nucleic acid was also detected in houseflies collected from affected farms and from a farm with no history of vesicular disease. Detection of SVA in mice and housefly samples and recovery of viable virus from mouse feces and small intestine suggest that these pests may play a role on the epidemiology of SVA. These results provide important information that may allow the development of improved prevention and control strategies for SVA.

scholarly journals An International Observational Prospective Survey Assessing the Control of Atrial Fibrillation in Asia-Pacific: Results of the Record-AFAP Registry

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMC.S22022 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Amerena ◽  
Shih-Ann Chen ◽  
Charn Sriratanasathavorn ◽  
Jeong-Gwan Cho ◽  
Huang Dejia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

A prospective 1-year observational survey was designed to assess the management and control of atrial fibrillation (AF) in eight countries within the Asia-Pacific region. Patients ( N = 2,604) with recently diagnosed AF or a history of AF ≤1 year were included. Clinicians chose the treatment strategy (rhythm or rate control) according to their standard practice and medical discretion. The primary endpoint was therapeutic success. At baseline, rhythm- and rate-control strategies were applied to 35.7% and 64.3% of patients, respectively. At 12 months, therapeutic success was 43.2% overall. Being assigned to rhythm-control strategy at baseline was associated with a higher therapeutic success (46.5% vs 41.4%; P = 0.0214) and a lower incidence of clinical outcomes (10.4% vs 17.1% P < 0.0001). Patients assigned to rate-control strategies at baseline had higher cardiovascular morbidities (history of heart failure or valvular heart disease). Cardiovascular outcomes may be less dependent on the choice of treatment strategy than cardiovascular comorbidities.

scholarly journals Control or eradication: problems in the management of invasive birds.

2020 ◽  
pp. 350-362
Author(s):  
Michael L. Avery ◽  
Chris J. Feare
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Invasive Birds

Abstract This describes the negative impacts of invasive bird species, including the threats that they pose to native species, the efforts that have been made to reduce or eradicate such impacts, the efficacy of management options and control strategies and case histories of success and failure.

The LYMFASIM Simulation Program for Modeling Lymphatic Filariasis and its Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subramanian ◽  
P. K. Das ◽  
W. Souza ◽  
T. Lapa ◽  
A. F. Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract:The LYMFASIM modeling framework for the transmission and control of the tropical parasitic disease lymphatic filariasis is described and its use in the context of an endemic community in north-eastern Brazil is illustrated. Lymphatic filariasis is a disease with a complex natural history with many unknowns. This complicates decision making with respect to control strategies. With LYMFASIM, a variety of hypotheses can be tested about the life history of the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti, its transmission from man to man through mosquitoes, the role of the immune system in regulating parasite numbers, the development of disease symptoms, and the effects of control measures (drug treatment or mosquito control). The implications of alternative assumptions and uncertainty about the quantification of parameters for the effectiveness of control strategies can be investigated. Thanks to the use of stochastic microsimulation, LYMFASIM is highly flexible and can be adapted and extended as new knowledge emerges.

scholarly journals From Bus Driver Dreaming to Tjukurpa

IDEA JOURNAL ◽  
1969 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Jillian Walliss
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
Aboriginal Culture ◽  
Bus Driver ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
And Control ◽  
Alternative Reading

Separated from the surrounding landscape by walls, wiltjas and fences, with strategically framed views back to the rock, the Uluru-Kata Tjuta Cultural Centre offers opportunities for tourists to learn about Anangu understandings of place. Historically, this information has been conveyed through interpretations located in situ within the landscape of the national park or through the narrative of the organised tour. What then is the role of a museum space in a national park? Why go inside to understand what is outside? To investigate these questions, this paper looks outside the discourses of museology and architecture, the orthodox methods for analysing the ‘typology’ of the cultural centre, and instead traces the development of the Centre within the spatial history of Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park. This analysis offers an alternative reading, revealing the Centre as a place of mediation and control, strategically located between landscape and tourist and Ananguand tourist. Further while the Centre fulfills a role in promoting Aboriginal culture, Anangu voices remain filtered through the display techniques of the museum. It is only through the introduction of Anangu tours that the museological driven interior is linked with the Tjurkapa of the exterior.

scholarly journals The political ecology of human-elephant relations: comparing local perceptions of elephants around Chyulu Hills and Mount Kasigau in southern Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
The Political ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Elephant Conservation ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
And Control

Abstract Although African elephants have a global appeal and donors especially in the global North significantly support their protection, rural African's attitudes towards elephant conservation are complex, and discouraging in certain locations. A proper understanding of the attitudes of people living around protected areas towards elephants is important for designing successful elephant conservation programs. Using a political ecology framework, this study assessed attitudes towards elephant among two communities living near protected areas in the Tsavo region of Kenya; the Kamba who live around Chyulu Hills National Park and the Kasigau Taita who live around Mt. Kasigau Forest, Kenya. I conducted in depth interviews with local residents, to examine the link between local attitudes towards elephants with the political-ecological history of extra-local effects especially the establishment and management of protected areas. The results show that residents around Mt. Kasigau had more favorable attitudes towards elephants than those around the Chyulu Hills National Park. This article concludes that local perceptions about elephants in the Tsavo region are political, they are embedded in issues of rights to livelihood, and access to and control over lands and resources. I argue that local meanings and concerns about elephants need to be integrated in the management plans of protected areas. Key Words: elephants, Chyulu Hills, Mount Kasigau, conservation, political ecology, protected areas

scholarly journals A new policy for the management of the Kruger National Park's elephant population

Koedoe ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.J. Whyte ◽  
H.C. Biggs ◽  
A. Gaylard ◽  
L.E.O. Braack
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Impact Zones

Arising from public debate held in Midrand on 4 May 1995, the South African National Parks undertook to review its policy for the management of elephant in the Kruger National Park. The new policy focuses on the extent and intensity of elephant impacts on biodiversity rather than on numbers of elephants per se, and is based on four fundamental principles: a) That ecosystems are not static; fluctuations of conditions and population responses are an inherent attribute of ecosystems and contribute to biodiversity. A range of elephant impacts in different areas at different times, is thus also natural and desirable; b) That elephants are important agents of habitat modification and thus contribute to biodiversity (intermediate disturbance hypothesis); c) That elephant populations which are confined will increase in number until negative impacts on the system's biodiversity will ultimately result; d) That elephants should not be viewed in isolation, but as one component of a broader, integrated system, and their impacts should be managed in conjunction with other ecosystem process (such as fire) to promote biodiversity in its broadest sense. The new policy proposes that the Kruger National Park be divided into six zones@two botanical reserves, two high-elephant-impact zones (no population reduction) and two low-elephant-impact zones (where numbers will be actively reduced). A history of the elephant population is given, and a resume of previous poli-cies.

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