scholarly journals Control or eradication: problems in the management of invasive birds.

2020 ◽  
pp. 350-362
Author(s):  
Michael L. Avery ◽  
Chris J. Feare
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Invasive Birds

Abstract This describes the negative impacts of invasive bird species, including the threats that they pose to native species, the efforts that have been made to reduce or eradicate such impacts, the efficacy of management options and control strategies and case histories of success and failure.

scholarly journals Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafia Zahra ◽  
RICHARD W. HOFSTETTER ◽  
KRISTEN M. WARING ◽  
CATHERINE GEHRING
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Zahra S, Hofstetter RW, Waring KM, Gehring C. 2020. Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies. Biodiversitas 21: 104-116. Acacia nilotica, commonly called prickly acacia, is infamous for its ability to invade various ecosystems, especially savannah. The tree was introduced to Baluran National Park (BNP), Indonesia in 1969 and nowadays has invaded more than 50% of BNP savannah habitat. Its presence has had significant negative impacts on local flora and fauna of the park. Physical and chemical eradication efforts of this plant have been conducted in the park but these have failed. Little is known about the tree invasion in Indonesia and no control suggestions have previously been proposed. Here, we review the causes and history of the invasion of this tree, describe previous attempts to eradicate the tree, and provide possible containment and control strategies. We describe 12 strategies based on successes and failures to control this tree in Indonesia and other countries and divide the methods into four categories: (i) physical: girdling the trunk, uprooting with winch, manual seedling uprooting, defloration, and restoration with fire; (ii) chemical: using biochar or herbicides; (iii) biological: using native plant competitors (grasses, shade trees), predators (insect) and pathogens (fungi) or microorganisms; (iv) social: centralized tree utilization, education outreach, and stakeholder collaboration. We summarize the relative effectiveness and efficiency of each method and explain how to integrate the aforementioned methods to help authorities choose the most appropriate strategies for their resources, needs and goals.

scholarly journals Review on current concepts of myopia and its control strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-615
Author(s):  
Raju Kaiti ◽  
◽  
Indra Prasad Sharma ◽  
Manish Dahal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pharmaceutical Management ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Near Work ◽  
And Control

Myopia poses a significant burden on the healthcare system, economy and quality of life. It is an emerging global public health challenge and requires interventions to delay or stop onset and progression. With changing times and evidence, the concepts of myopia are changing along with the treatment and control strategies. Behavioural modifications including increased outdoors time and reduced near work, optical and pharmaceutical management options are reviewed. This paper presents a current overview on the concepts of myopia, and is expected to summarize updates on myopia control methods.

Behavioural dominance of the invasive red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) over European native passerine-birds in a feeding context

Behaviour ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Filipe Pereira ◽  
Rui Lourenço ◽  
Paulo Gama Mota
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Social Habits ◽  
Closed Environment ◽  
Feeding Context ◽  
Behavioural Dominance

Abstract Behavioural dominance and aggressiveness may be crucial traits facilitating the establishment of invasive species. Few studies considered agonistic interactions between exotic and native bird species in feeding contexts, particularly when the exotic has social habits. We aimed to know if individuals of a social invasive species, the red-billed leiothrix Leiothrix lutea, are: more aggressive; the initiators of the first interaction; and dominant (i.e., won most interactions) over native opponents in a feeding context. We performed an experiment in a closed environment forcing dyadic interactions between an individual of a native species facing a leiothrix individual. We found that the leiothrix was the initiator in most experiments, being apparently dominant over natives. However, the invader was not more aggressive than natives. This can increase the risk of injury for natives because the leiothrix has a relatively larger body size. We discuss possible negative impacts of the leiothrix on native species.

Influence of the yellow-throated miner (Manorina flavigula) on bird communities and tree health in a fragmented landscape

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea O'Loughlin ◽  
Luke S. O'Loughlin ◽  
Michael F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Tree Health ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Competition For Space ◽  
Conservation Problem ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Control

Context Competition for space and resources within a fragmented landscape may change interspecific interactions within the remaining available habitat. These changes may inhibit the persistence of one species but facilitate the success of another. The yellow-throated miner (Manorina flavigula) is an example of a successful species, reportedly more common in the landscape as a result of fragmentation yet the consequences of its success are still relatively unknown. Aims To investigate whether the yellow-throated miner had negative impacts on bird community assemblages, particularly small insectivorous species, and whether its presence resulted in higher psyllid abundances and lower tree health, similar to impacts noted for other miner species. Methods We undertook this study near Walpeup in Victoria’s Mallee region, a highly fragmented, agriculture-dominated, semiarid landscape. Yellow-throated miner colonies and control sites free of miners were identified and surveyed for bird species present, psyllid abundance and measures of tree health. Conclusions The presence of the yellow-throated miner was associated with a significant reduction in bird species richness, lower abundance of small birds and a dissimilar community composition. Psyllid abundance was higher in miner colonies and tree health was significantly lower. Small insectivorous birds compete directly with miners for resources and, as such, are likely targeted by interspecific aggressive behaviour. The absence of small species from miner colonies most likely caused a trend in increased psyllid abundance and subsequently reduced tree health. Implications Our findings suggest that management of these miners is likely required to prevent further loss of biodiversity in this fragmented landscape. The loss of bird species and reduced tree health due to the influence of the yellow-throated miner presents one of the greatest threats to these communities nationally and a challenging conservation problem.

scholarly journals The Role of the Songbird Trade as an Anthropogenic Vector in the Spread of Invasive Non-Native Mynas in Indonesia

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Vincent Nijman ◽  
Marco Campera ◽  
Muhammad Ali Imron ◽  
Ahmad Ardiansyah ◽  
Abdullah Langgeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Native Birds ◽  
Invasive Birds ◽  
Species Being

The wildlife trade has facilitated the introduction of invasive non-native species, which may compete with native species for resources and alter ecosystems. Some of these species have great potential to become invasive if released or escaped from captivity. Here we studied the pet trade in a group of open countryside birds, the mynas (Acridotheres spp.) in Indonesia, and identified the areas that are at high risk of facing the establishment of these species. Mynas are among the most invasive birds in Southeast Asia. Once established in a new area, they are almost impossible to eradicate and can have strong negative impacts on the ecosystem. Preventing their introduction is therefore essential. Yet, invasive non-native mynas continue to be traded openly. We present data on the trade in seven species of mynas on Java, Bali and Lombok, with three species being native to parts of one or two of these islands, but not to the remainder, and four that are non-native to the region. From 2016 to 2021 we conducted 255 surveys of 30 animal markets. We recorded over 6000 mynas that were offered for sale outside their native range. Areas most at risk because of their high prevalence in specific animal markets, are Greater Jakarta, eastern Java, Bali and Lombok. The number of invasive non-native mynas recorded was positively related to the size of the animal market. Indonesia is signatory to several international agreements (CBD, ASEAN) that have policies and guidelines to prevent the introduction of invasive non-native species, but compliancy is weak. Annually hundreds and possibly thousands of invasive non-native mynas are released by Indonesian conservation authorities in regions that are outside their native range. Effective management of, and regulation of trade in, potential invasive non-native birds in Indonesia falls short and inadvertently greatly aids both their introduction and establishment.

Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large accredited psychiatric facility in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Sandra Henrietta Subner ◽  
Grace Lam Fong Kin ◽  
Raveen Dev Ram Dev ◽  
Mok Yee Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential services, preventing infection, and managing human and consumable resources.

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

Learning and control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Herreros
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Animal Learning ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses basic concepts from control theory and machine learning to facilitate a formal understanding of animal learning and motor control. It first distinguishes between feedback and feed-forward control strategies, and later introduces the classification of machine learning applications into supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning problems. Next, it links these concepts with their counterparts in the domain of the psychology of animal learning, highlighting the analogies between supervised learning and classical conditioning, reinforcement learning and operant conditioning, and between unsupervised and perceptual learning. Additionally, it interprets innate and acquired actions from the standpoint of feedback vs anticipatory and adaptive control. Finally, it argues how this framework of translating knowledge between formal and biological disciplines can serve us to not only structure and advance our understanding of brain function but also enrich engineering solutions at the level of robot learning and control with insights coming from biology.

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