Comparative Aboveground Performance of Pressure-Treated Copper Azole with Alternative Wood Protection Systems under Subtropical Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Konkler ◽  
Gerald Presley ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Rigorous Testing ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Silica Treatment ◽  
Copper Azole ◽  
Insect Attack

Abstract The performance of several wood surface treatments as well as a silica treatment claiming to provide protection against fungal decay and termite attack in aboveground applications were examined in termite, ground proximity, and sandwich tests at a subtropical site near Hilo, Hawaii. In general, the surface treatments performed similarly to untreated controls and provided little or no protection against fungal or insect attack. The silicate treatment provided some termite and decay protection, but fungal decay resulted in rapid declines in condition after 50 to 54 months of exposure. Copper azole–treated lumber provided the best performance against both termites and fungal attack, illustrating the benefits of pressure treatment over surface treatments in high-decay-hazard environments. These results also illustrate the importance of rigorous testing and standardization protocols for any product that makes durability claims before it enters the market to ensure that it will perform as expected.

Aboveground Field Performance of Douglas-Fir Heartwood Subjected to Combinations of Glycerol, Boron, and Thermal Modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Jed Cappallazzi ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Copper Azole ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The effect of pretreatment with either boron or glycerol followed by thermal modification on the durability of Douglas-fir heartwood was evaluated in an American Wood Protection Association ground proximity test in Hilo, Hawaii. Non–thermally modified samples were generally more heavily decayed than any of the modified woods, but there was no consistent effect of different thermal modification conditions on decay resistance. Thermally modified woods tended to perform better than untreated timbers but not as well as copper azole–treated Douglas-fir heartwood lumber in test at the same site. The results are discussed in relation to how the extreme site conditions might have made it difficult for thermally modified materials to perform.

scholarly journals Conservation of a Wooden Tomb-Marker from the Jewish Cemetery of Algarrobos in Argentina

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Alfieri ◽  
Rosana Lofeudo ◽  
Guadalupe Canosa ◽  
Fabian Iloro ◽  
Luis Traversa
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
South American ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Insect Attack

The state of conservation of some tombs in the Jewish Cemetery of Algarrobos in Colonia Mauricio, Buenos Aires, Argentina was evaluated. A lot of material was found, but only two tomb-markers were done on wood. They were in a state of serious deterioration, so these were defined as an object of study. The tomb-markers, which had been established by the Jewish immigrants from Russia at the end 19th century, were made of South American tree known as Aspidosperma Quebracho Blanco and suffered both biological (from fungal decay and insect attack) and mechanical deterioration (cracks and fissures due to weathering, and discoloration due to ultraviolet radiation). Thus, the aim of this paper was the conservation of one of the two remaining wooden tomb-markers found, using impregnant based on non-toxic siloxanes employing sol-gel technology in order to increase the readability of epitaphs and reliefs found at the tomb-marker. The treatment with this modern technology resulted in the excellent performance of wooden tomb-maker conservation. The structural consolidation and cracks sealing were achieved. It avoided the detachment of material and the appearance of natural veins; furthermore, it improved the reading of the epitaphs and reliefs.

scholarly journals Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Füchtner ◽  
Sara Piqueras ◽  
Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Data Decomposition ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Different Origin

AbstractTo decarbonize the building sector, the use of durable wood materials must be increased. Inspiration for environmentally benign wood protection systems is sought in durable tree species depositing phenolic extractives in their heartwood. Based on the hypothesis that the micro-distribution of extractives influences durability, we compared the natural impregnation patterns of non-durable, but readily available Norway spruce to more durable Kurile larch by mapping the distribution of heartwood extractives with Confocal Raman Imaging and multivariate data decomposition. Phenolics of both species were associated with hydrophobic oleoresin, likely facilitating diffusion through the tissue. They accumulated preferentially in lignin-rich sub-compartments of the cell wall. Yet, the distribution of extractives was found not to be the same. The middle lamellae contained flavonoids in larch and aromatic waxes in spruce, which was also found in rays and epithelial cells. Spruce-lignans were tentatively identified in all cell types, while larch-flavonoids were not present in resin channels, hinting at a different origin of synthesis. Larch-oleoresin without flavonoids was only found in lumina, indicating that the presence of phenolics in the mixture influences the final destination. Together our findings suggest, that spruce heartwood-defense focuses on water regulation, while the more efficient larch strategy is based on antioxidants.

scholarly journals Durability and protection of timber structures in marine environments in Europe: An overview

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 10161-10184 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Wood Modification ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Marine Applications

Timber structures in marine applications are often exposed to severe degradation conditions caused by mechanical loads and wood-degrading organisms. This paper presents the use of timber in marine environments in Europe from a wood protection perspective. It discusses the use of wood in coastline protection and archeological marine wood, reviews the marine borer taxa in European waters, and gives an overview of potential solutions for protection of timber in marine environments. Information was compiled from the most relevant literature sources with an emphasis on new wood protection methods; the need for research and potential solutions are discussed. Traditionally, timber has been extensively utilized in a variety of marine applications. Although there is a strong need for developing new protection systems for timber in marine applications, the research in this field has been scarce for many years. New attempts to protect timber used in marine environments in Europe have mainly focused on wood modification and the use of mechanical barriers to prevent colonization of marine wood borers. The importance of understanding the mechanisms of settlement, migration, boring, and digestion of the degrading organisms is key for developing effective systems for protecting timber in marine environments.

scholarly journals Durability and protection of timber structures in marine environments in Europe: An overview

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 10161-10184
Author(s):  
Andreas Treu ◽  
Katrin Zimmer ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Erik Larnøy ◽  
Lone Ross Gobakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Wood Modification ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Marine Applications

Timber structures in marine applications are often exposed to severe degradation conditions caused by mechanical loads and wood-degrading organisms. This paper presents the use of timber in marine environments in Europe from a wood protection perspective. It discusses the use of wood in coastline protection and archeological marine wood, reviews the marine borer taxa in European waters, and gives an overview of potential solutions for protection of timber in marine environments. Information was compiled from the most relevant literature sources with an emphasis on new wood protection methods; the need for research and potential solutions are discussed. Traditionally, timber has been extensively utilized in a variety of marine applications. Although there is a strong need for developing new protection systems for timber in marine applications, the research in this field has been scarce for many years. New attempts to protect timber used in marine environments in Europe have mainly focused on wood modification and the use of mechanical barriers to prevent colonization of marine wood borers. The importance of understanding the mechanisms of settlement, migration, boring, and digestion of the degrading organisms is key for developing effective systems for protecting timber in marine environments.

Effects of polyvinyl alcohol on leachability and efficacy of boron wood preservatives against fungal decay and termite attack

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohareb ◽  
Marie France Thévenon ◽  
Edmond Wozniak ◽  
Philippe Gérardin
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Termite Attack

Survey of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a managed silvicultural plantation in Portugal, using a line-intersection method (LIS)

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nobre ◽  
L. Nunes ◽  
D.E. Bignell
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Exponential Character ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Decay Parameters ◽  
Intersection Method

AbstractSubterranean termites (Reticulitermes grassei) were surveyed over successive seasons in a managed eucalyptus plantation in southeastern Portugal for 26 months. Termite activity in seven diameter categories of lying dead wood was investigated by a modified line intersection method (LIS). Each item sampled was inspected and assessed for termite attack and for general (i.e. fungal) decay status using standard protocols. Line intersection is quantitative to the extent that it can link foraging and decay parameters to woody biovolume. It was found that termites selected items with larger diameter, the observed trend showing an exponential character with greater termite attack as diameter increased. Attack by termites was positively associated with prior decay by fungi. A clear positive relationship was shown between rainfall and total woody biovolume containing live termites, underlining the importance of moisture for termite activity. Subterranean termites appeared to be important wood decomposers in the woodland studied, with an average of 30% of lying dead wood branches showing signs of termite attack.

scholarly journals The termite resistance of pinosylvin, stilbene and other new insecticides

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
George N. Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
The West ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Dry Wood ◽  
Insect Attack

The natural resistance to termite attack of some woods has long been known, but chemical analyses, to determine the specific chemical constituents responsible, have rarely been made. Until very recently almost the only exception seems to have been in the case of East Indian teak, Tectona grandis L. The well-known resistance to weathering, decay and insect attack of teakwood is apparently due to the presence of beta-methylanthraquinone (tectoquinone). A ten minute submersion in a 1% solution in acetone of tectoquinone will indefinitely protect susceptible woods against attack by the West Indian dry-wood termite, Cryptotermes brevis Walker, (Wolcott 1946). The partly-eaten keys of a piano (of which one key had already been replaced with a duplicate made of mahogany), heavily infested with these termites, have thus been successfully protected against further injury, despite the fact that the untreated remainder of the piano is falling to pieces, so rapidly is its oak case being devoured.

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