Aboveground Field Performance of Douglas-Fir Heartwood Subjected to Combinations of Glycerol, Boron, and Thermal Modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Jed Cappallazzi ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Copper Azole ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The effect of pretreatment with either boron or glycerol followed by thermal modification on the durability of Douglas-fir heartwood was evaluated in an American Wood Protection Association ground proximity test in Hilo, Hawaii. Non–thermally modified samples were generally more heavily decayed than any of the modified woods, but there was no consistent effect of different thermal modification conditions on decay resistance. Thermally modified woods tended to perform better than untreated timbers but not as well as copper azole–treated Douglas-fir heartwood lumber in test at the same site. The results are discussed in relation to how the extreme site conditions might have made it difficult for thermally modified materials to perform.

Early Development of Three Douglas-Fir Stocktypes on a Droughty Skeletal Soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Hobbs ◽  
Michael S. Crawford ◽  
Beverly A. Yelczyn
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Southwest Oregon ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Three stocktypes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) were planted in a droughty, skeletal soil in southwest Oregon. After 5 years, container-grown plugs and plug-1 transplants survived significantly better than 2-0 bareroots. Seedling root systems were largely confined to the surface soil, with relatively little development upslope or deeper than 15 cm. Stocktype morphology differed significantly at planting. However, annual absolute growth, annual relative growth, and shoot and root characteristics did not differ significantly after 5 years. These results suggest that, on similar sites, seedling morphological characteristics within the range of those measured in this study may not affect growth and that stocktype designation along may not be adequate for predicting field performance. West. J. Appl. For. 4(1):21-24, January 1989.

Impregnation of laser incised wood of Douglas fir and Japanese cedar by dipping (passive impregnation) in solutions of copper azole (CuAz-B) and a fire retardant (PPC)

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Keisuke Ando ◽  
Hidefumi Yamauchi ◽  
Daisuke Kamikawa ◽  
Toshiro Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Total Treatment Time ◽  
Copper Azole

Abstract The performance of the passive impregnation method of CO2-laser incised lumber has been investigated concerning wood preservation against different wood-destroying agents. Copper azole type B (CuAz-B) preservative and polyphosphatic carbamate (PPC) fire retardant were impregnated into Douglas fir and Japanese cedar lumber under both green and kiln-dried conditions. Final drying of the lumber was performed by steam injection or kiln drying. The temperature and pressure change in the lumber, as well as the total chemical retention, penetration, decay resistance, fire retardancy and total treatment time were calculated according to different standards. The preservative retention was higher in the Japanese cedar for both green and kiln-dried conditions (5.32 and 5.58 kg m-3, respectively) compared to Douglas fir (5.01 and 4.81 kg m-3). Fire retardant retentions were more than 100 kg m-3 in all cases. The penetration was approximately 100% throughout the lumber. There were no significant differences in the decay resistance test between the different categories of lumber. Moreover, it was possible to treat the green lumber in less than 48 h starting from the green conditon to the final drying. Hence, the presented passive impregnation technique could be useful for industrial application.

Field performance of Douglas-fir seedlings after treatment with fungicides

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1371
Author(s):  
Peyton W. Owston ◽  
Walter G. Thies ◽  
William Fender
Keyword(s):  
Similar Condition ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Better Than

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings grown in containers with pasteurized or nonpasteurized potting mixture and treated with benomyl, captan, fenaminosulf, or ethazol, or left untreated were outplanted in the Cascade Range of western Oregon. The seedlings from all treatments appeared to have been in similar condition at time of planting, so neither nursery managers nor silviculturists would have suspected effects of the treatments to carry over to field performance. After 7 years, however, seedlings grown in pasteurized potting medium survived better than those grown in nonpasteurized medium. Furthermore, survival of benomyl-treated seedlings in pasteurized potting mixture was higher than survival of those grown in pasteurized mixture without any fungicide treatment and survival of ethazol-treated seedlings in unpasteurized mixture was lower than those in unpasteurized mixture without fungicide treatment. There was no evidence that the nursery treatments adversely affected seedling height or mycorrhizal development.

Heartwood decay resistance by vertical and radial position in Douglas-fir trees from a young stand

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
Jeffrey J Morrell ◽  
Camille M Freitag ◽  
Rachel Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Radial Position ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Decay Fungus ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Old Trees

Heartwood durability of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was studied as a function of vertical and radial position in boles of trees with a wide range of leaf area/sapwood area ratios. Six 34-year-old trees were harvested from each of three plots established 14 years before: very dense, thinned, and thinned and fertilized. Heartwood samples from three radial positions and five heights were incubated with the decay fungus Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Larsen et Lombard. There were no significant differences in wood mass loss (decay resistance) by vertical or radial position. One could expect that trees with high leaf area/sapwood area could have the carbon to produce heartwood that is more resistant to decay than trees with lower leaf area/sapwood area. However, we found no relationship between leaf area above node 20, sapwood area there, or their ratio, and the decay resistance of outer heartwood at that node. These results suggest that, for young Douglas-fir trees, heartwood durability does not vary with position in the bole or with environments that alter the tree's balance of sapwood and leaf area. We suggest that young stands may thus be robust with respect to the effect of silvicultural regimes on heartwood durability.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds for Wood Protection against Fungi—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3538
Author(s):  
Magdalena Broda
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Natural Preservatives ◽  
New Generation

Wood is a renewable, versatile material with multiple applications and the largest terrestrial pool of sequestered carbon. However, it is susceptible to degradation, mainly caused by wood-decaying fungi. Since several traditional wood preservatives have been banned owing to their detrimental effects on humans and the environment, extending the lifespan of wood products using new generation natural preservatives is an imperative from the perspectives of human health and environmental protection. Several natural compounds of plant and animal origin have been tested for their fungicidal properties, including essential oils, tannins, wood extractives, alkaloids, propolis or chitosan; and their enormous potential in wood protection has been shown. Although they are not free of limitations, the potential methods to overcome their drawbacks and enhance their bioactivity already exist, such as co-impregnation with different polymers, cross-linkers, metal chelators or antioxidants. The presence of the discrepancies between laboratory tests and the field performance, as well as legislation-related problems resulting from the lack of standards defining the quality and performance of natural protective formulations, however, create an urgent need for further thorough research and arrangements. The collaboration with other industries interested in the utilisation of natural active compounds will reduce the associated costs, thus, will facilitate the successful implementation of alternative antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Effects of Douglas-fir 2+0 seedling morphology on field performance

New Forests ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Long ◽  
Byron D. Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seedling Morphology

scholarly journals New Perspective on Wood Thermal Modification: Relevance between the Evolution of Chemical Structure and Physical-Mechanical Properties, and Online Analysis of Release of VOCs

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yunfang Shen ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Yanwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
New Perspective

Thermal modification (TM) is an ecological and low-cost pretreated method to improve the dimensional stability and decay resistance of wood. This study systematically investigates the relevance between the evolution of chemical structure and the physical and mechanical properties during wood thermal modification processes. Moreover, the volatility of compounds (VOCs) was analyzed using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) and a pyrolizer coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS). With an increase of TM temperature, the anti-shrink efficiency and contact angle increased, while the equilibrium moisture content decreased. This result indicates that the dimensional stability improved markedly due to the reduction of hydrophilic hydroxyl (–OH). However, a slight decrease of the moduli of elasticity and of rupture was observed after TM due to the thermal degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose. Based on a TGA-FTIR analysis, the small molecular gaseous components were composed of H2O, CH4, CO2, and CO, where H2O was the dominant component with the highest absorbance intensity, i.e., 0.008 at 200 °C. Based on the Py-GC/MS analysis, the VOCs were shown to be mainly composed of acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, furans, alcohols, sugars, and esters, where acids were the dominant compounds, with a relative content of 37.05−42.77%.

Enzymatic grafting of kraft lignin as a wood bio-protection strategy. Part 2: effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes. Effect of copper entrapment

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Fernández-Costas ◽  
Sabrina Palanti ◽  
María Ángeles Sanromán ◽  
Diego Moldes
Keyword(s):  
European Beech ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Copper Leaching ◽  
Decay Tests ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Wood Surfaces

Abstract Enzymatic grafting of kraft lignin (KL) on wood surfaces is presented as a non-leachable wood protection treatment. Scots pine and European beech mini-blocks were treated with KL solution in the presence of laccase isolated from Myceliophthora thermophila and the formation of a stable interaction between wood and lignin was observed. Furthermore, the same strategy was employed to graft KL with the simultaneous entrapment of copper in the polymeric net formed. Enzymatic treatment diminished the leachability of the compounds in accordance with the EN 84 standard. The durability of the leached wood blocks was evaluated by accelerated decay tests. Samples with grafted lignin on the surface lost their antifungal activity in long-term exposure at the concentration tested. This observation is in contradiction to the preliminary tests, where KL seemed to have some biocidal activity. On the other hand, KL grafting in combination with copper entrapment improved the decay resistance and the copper leaching was reduced.

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