GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

The aim. The study of formulas determination of the point coordinates by the inverse linear-angular intersection method. Previously, we investigated the possibility of using electronic total stations to control the geometric parameters of industrial buildings. The applied application of electronic total stations for high-precision measurements has been investigated as well. [Vivat, 2018]. The formula for optimal use of the device with certain accuracy characteristics relative to the measured basis is analytically proved and derived [Litynskyi, 2014]. Measurements on the basis of the II category are performed and theoretical calculations are confirmed. The possibility of achieving high accuracy in determining the segment by the method of linear-angular measurements is shown [Litynsky, 2015]. The influence of the angle value on the accuracy of determining the coordinates by the sine theorem is investigated and the possibility of optimizing the determination of coordinates by the method of inverse linear-angular serif by the formulas of cosines and sines is investigated [Litynskyi, 2019]. Method. Establishing a mathematical interconnection between measured values (distances and angles) with the required (flat coordinates of a point), differentiation and finding the minima of functions. Results.There were five formulas selected, of which six combinations had been created to calculate the increments of coordinates and to estimate their accuracy. Numerical experiments show that neither method has a significant advantage, which is supported by the results presented in the graphs and tables. It is worth noting one feature of the second method - in which it is possible to determine the increments of coordinates with an accuracy that exceeds the accuracy of measuring the sides. The possibility of optimizing the coordinate increments determination due to the choice of calculation formulas is considered. The possibility of increasing the accuracy of determination of the coordinates increments using different calculation formulas is researched. Consequently, it is suggested to optimize the choice of calculation formulas depending on the position of the desired point. The results of these studies can be used to create electronic total station or laser tracker application software in order to improve the accuracy of coordinate determination.

Daya Dukung Tanah Pasir Dengan Perkuatan Geotekstil Tipe UW 150 Terhadap Variasi Lebar Fondasi dan Perkuatan

Tanah pasir adalah tanah yang memiliki daya dukung yang rendah serta lebih dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan tanah. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan perbaikan tanah pasir untuk dapat meningkatkan daya dukung tanah pasir. Salah satu metode perbaikan tanah secara mekanis yaitu dengan menyisipkan lembar perkuatan (geotekstil) pada tanah pasir tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji hubungan lebar fondasi (B) dan lebar perkuatan (Br) dalam meningkatkan daya dukung tanah berpasir serta mengetahui daya dukung tanah pasir pada kondisi tanpa dan dengan perkuatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemodelan pada tanah pasir dalam bak uji yang terbuat dari plat baja berukuran 80 cm x 80 cm dengan model pondasi dangkal berukuran 8 cm x 8 cm, 10 cm x 10 cm dan 12 cm x 12 cm. Pembebanan diberikan dengan menggunakan alat hydraulic jack. Tanah dibentuk dengan kerapatan relatif 50% dan lebar perkuatan (Br) yang disisipkan berukuran 4B, 5B dan 6B dengan kedalaman (u) 0,5B, spasi(z) 0,25B dan jumlah perkuatan(N) 3 lembar, dimana B adalah lebar pondasi. Selanjutnya, ditentukan daya dukung batas dan rasio daya dukungnya (BCR). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian lembar geotekstil dapat meningkatkan daya dukung pada tanah pasir terhadap kondisi tanpa perkuatan. Daya dukung semakin meningkat bila lebar pondasi (B) semakin besar serta lebar perkuatan (Br) atau geotekstil semakin besar. Daya dukung terbesar berdasarkan teori Tangent Intersection Method diperoleh pada lebar pondasi (B) 12 cm x 12 cm dan lebar perkuatan (Br) 6B sebesar 153 kN/m2 dengan rasio daya dukung sebesar 2,06. Untuk teori vesic daya dukung terbesar diperoleh pada lebar pondasi (B) 12 cm x 12 cm 274 kN/ m2 untuk lebar perkuatan 6B dengan rasio daya dukung (BCR) sebesar 3,32.

Comparison of Direct Intersection and Sonogram Methods for Acoustic Indoor Localization of Persons

We discuss two methods to detect the presence and location of a person in an acoustically small-scale room and compare the performances for a simulated person in distances between 1 and 2 m. The first method is Direct Intersection, which determines a coordinate point based on the intersection of spheroids defined by observed distances of high-intensity reverberations. The second method, Sonogram analysis, overlays all channels’ room impulse responses to generate an intensity map for the observed environment. We demonstrate that the former method has lower computational complexity that almost halves the execution time in the best observed case, but about 7 times slower in the worst case compared to the Sonogram method while using 2.4 times less memory. Both approaches yield similar mean absolute localization errors between 0.3 and 0.9 m. The Direct Intersection method performs more precise in the best case, while the Sonogram method performs more robustly.

A Novel Method for Identifying a Parsimonious and Accurate Predictive Model for Multiple Clinical Outcomes

Background and Objective: Most methods for developing clinical prognostic models focus on identifying parsimonious and accurate models to predict a single outcome; however, patients and providers often want to predict multiple outcomes simultaneously. As an example, for older adults one is often interested in predicting nursing home admission as well as mortality. We propose and evaluate a novel predictor-selection computing method for multiple outcomes and provide the code for its implementation.Methods: Our proposed algorithm selected the best subset of common predictors based on the minimum average normalized Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) across outcomes: the Best Average BIC (baBIC) method. We compared the predictive accuracy (Harrell’s C-statistic) and parsimony (number of predictors) of the model obtained using the baBIC method with: 1) a subset of common predictors obtained from the union of optimal models for each outcome (Union method), 2) a subset obtained from the intersection of optimal models for each outcome (Intersection method), and 3) a model with no variable selection (Full method). We used a case-study data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to demonstrate our method and conducted a simulation study to investigate performance.Results: In the case-study data and simulations, the average Harrell’s C-statistics across outcomes of the models obtained with the baBIC and Union methods were comparable. Despite the similar discrimination, the baBIC method produced more parsimonious models than the Union method. In contrast, the models selected with the Intersection method were the most parsimonious, but with worst predictive accuracy, and the opposite was true in the Full method. In the simulations, the baBIC method performed well by identifying many of the predictors selected in the baBIC model of the case-study data most of the time and excluding those not selected in the majority of the simulations.Conclusions: Our method identified a common subset of variables to predict multiple clinical outcomes with superior balance between parsimony and predictive accuracy to current methods.

Construction of the destination set of a dynamic system in $\mathbb{R}^3$

The article proposes two algorithms for the numerical construction of the convex hull of a set in three-dimensional space using its support function. The first uses the hyperplane intersection method to find the pivot points of a set. The second one is based on the deformation function and allows you to find an arbitrary point of the convex hull of a set, which is convenient in many applications. The algorithms are compared, and asymptotic complexities are found. The application of the proposed apparatus to finding the destination set of dynamical systems is shown. The dynamic system will be based on differential inclusion.

A Study on the Displacement Measurement of the Slope using Network RTK UAV

Recently, research in various fields using unmanned aerial vehicles has been underway and has been applied in various fields due to increased accuracy and precision. In particular, the spread of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with real-time kinematic (RTK) is smooth, and there is a growing interest in how to increase accuracy and precision while using a cost-saving method and ground control point (GCP). This study attached reflective sheets to the pile head for accuracy evaluation for small-scale slopes with small ends, established the initial position using the backward intersection method, observed the pile head, and used it as a checkpoint. Accuracy analysis of survey results was performed using UAVs equipped with RTK equipment at a low altitude of 25 m (AGL). As a result, when using a GCP, 3D RMSE was able to obtain an accuracy of 5.035 mm in the x-direction, 7.005 mm in the y-direction, and 7.664 mm in the z-direction In the case of not using a GCP, an accuracy of 32.986 mm in the x-direction, 5.718 mm in the y-direction, and 9.499 mm in the z-direction was obtained.

Incomplete Information And Columns-Based Intelligent Systems

The paper considers columns-based intelligent systems that work under conditions of incomplete information, that is, input patterns are represented by their sub-patterns. The definition of direct and inverse problems under incomplete information is given. The solution of these problems is shown using the method of element-wise comparison of patterns and the intersection method. A relation between system’s ability to work under incomplete information and prediction is shown.

A Circle Intersection Method for Bi-Objective Optimization

Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) problems are encountered in many applications, of which bi-objective problems are frequently met. Despite the computational efforts, the quality of the Pareto front is also a considerable issue. An evenly distributed Pareto front is desirable in certain cases when a continuous representation of the Pareto front is needed. In this paper, a new approach called Circle Intersection (CI) is proposed. Firstly, the anchor points are computed. Then in the normalized objective space, a circle with a proper radius of r centering at one of the anchor points or the latest obtained Pareto point is drawn. Interestingly, the intersection of the circle and the feasible boundary can be determined whether it is a Pareto point or not. For a convex or concave feasible boundary, the intersection is exactly the Pareto point, while for other cases the intersection can provide useful information for searching the true Pareto point even if it is not a Pareto point. A novel MOO formulation is proposed for CI correspondingly. Sixteen examples are used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and results are compared to those of NNC, MOGOA, and NSGA-II. Computational results show that the proposed CI method is able to obtain a well-distributed Pareto front with a better quality or with less computational cost.