scholarly journals Anal metastasis as the sentinel and isolated presentation of invasive ductal breast carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. e68-e70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rengifo ◽  
S Titi ◽  
J Walls

Breast cancer currently affects 1 in 8 women in the UK during their lifetime. Common sites for breast cancer metastasis include the axillary lymph nodes, bones, lung, liver, brain, soft tissue and adrenal glands. There is well documented evidence detailing breast metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract but anal metastasis is exceptionally rare. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman with an anal metastasis as the sentinel and isolated presentation of an invasive ductal breast carcinoma. As advances in the treatment of breast cancer improve, and with an ageing and expanding population, there will be an increasing number of cancer survivors, and more of these unusual presentations may be encountered in the future.

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 4105-4110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Nakagawa ◽  
Steve R. Martinez ◽  
Yasufumi Goto ◽  
Kazuo Koyanagi ◽  
Minoru Kitago ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hiller ◽  
Quyen D. Chu

CXCR4 is a 7-transmembrane G-protein chemokine receptor that allows for migration of hematopoietic cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral lymph nodes. Research has shown CXCR4 to be implicated in the invasion and metastasis of several cancers, including carcinoma of the breast. CXCL12 is the ligand for CXCR4 and is highly expressed in areas common for breast cancer metastasis, including the axillary lymph nodes. Axillary lymph nodes positive for breast carcinoma have been an important component of breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent research. The goal of this paper is to analyze the literature that has explained the pathways from CXCR4 expression to breast cancer metastasis of the lymph nodes and the prognostic and/or predictive implications of lymph node metastases in the presence of elevated CXCR4.


2003 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Ruiz-Espejo ◽  
Juan Cabezas-Herrera ◽  
Julián Illana ◽  
Francisco J. Campoy ◽  
Encarnación Muñoz-Delgado ◽  
...  

BMC Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Urata ◽  
Yuko Kijima ◽  
Munetsugu Hirata ◽  
Yoshiaki Shinden ◽  
Hideo Arima ◽  
...  

Radiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Abe ◽  
Robert A. Schmidt ◽  
Kirti Kulkarni ◽  
Charlene A. Sennett ◽  
Jeffrey S. Mueller ◽  
...  

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