scholarly journals The licensing of surgeons by RCS England and its predecessors

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
JS Bolwell
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Print Version ◽  
Craft Guilds

This article originally appeared in the print version of this issue. An online-only extended version can be found at https://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/rcsbull.2021.55 . Preserved records suggest that the first licences to practise surgery in England and Wales were issued by craft guilds from the 14th century and probably earlier. A brief chronicle is presented of the training, examining, qualifying and licensing of surgeons by The Royal College of Surgeons of England and its direct predecessors, now a part of history. The context in which these organisations were founded and evolved is outlined along a timeline of almost 700 years. The landmark Medical Acts of 1858 and 1886 are briefly reviewed. Mention is also made of the abolition of the two non-university qualifying examinations that were still being offered in England at the end of the 20th century and of the sale of both jointly owned Examination Halls.

scholarly journals The licensing of surgeons by RCS England and its predecessors (extended online version)

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. E17-E24
Author(s):  
JS Bolwell
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Online Version ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Print Version ◽  
Craft Guilds

This article appeared in the print version of this issue in a shortened form, which can be found in Bulletin May 2021, Volume 103, Issue 3, pp144-148. DOI: 10.1308/rcsbull.2021.60. Preserved records suggest that the first licences to practise surgery in England and Wales were issued by craft guilds from the 14th century and probably earlier. A brief chronicle is presented of the training, examining, qualifying and licensing of surgeons by The Royal College of Surgeons of England and its direct predecessors, now a part of history. The context in which these organisations were founded and evolved is outlined along a timeline of almost 700 years. The landmark Medical Acts of 1858 and 1886 are briefly reviewed. Mention is also made of the abolition of the two non-university qualifying examinations that were still being offered in England at the end of the 20th century and of the sale of both jointly owned Examination Halls.

scholarly journals Five Years of Nurse-Therapy: Development of a Clinical Nursing Specialty

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Isaac Marks
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Clinical Nursing ◽  
Therapy Development ◽  
College Of Nursing ◽  
One Year

The Royal College of Nursing recently published a book in their research series entitled Nursing in Behavioural Psychotherapy (Marks et al., 1977) which reviewed developments in the field. Operational research into nurse-therapy began in 1972 at the Maudsley Hospital. Out of this a national course was formalized in 1975 by the Joint Board of Clinical Nursing Studies for England and Wales (Course No. 650). Although the formal course lasts 18 months, it is now possible to shorten the training period to one year, followed by six months of lightly supervised practice working in settings away from the training centre. Currently there are two recognized training centres, at the Bethlem/Maudsley and Graylingwell Hospitals, and moves are afoot to start a third programme elsewhere.

ENT day surgery in England and Wales – an audit by the Royal College of Surgeons (Eng.) Comparative Audit Service

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Brown ◽  
Sarah Fowler ◽  
Rowena Ryan ◽  
Raymond Rivron
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Case Mix ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Comparative Audit ◽  
Service Data

AbstractAn audit of day surgery was carried out by the Royal College of Surgeons (Eng.) Comparative Audit service. Data from 121 respondents on over 3 962 day cases were analysed from both retrospective information and from prospective individual patient proformas. The day surgery rate is 31 per cent. The variability of facilities for day-surgery, the timing of lists, type of anaesthetic used and case-mix are discussed. Outcome and the reasons for admission to an overnight bed are analysed. The overall admission rate was found to be 2.8 per cent (range 0.6–19.5 per cent between consultants). Seventy per cent of ENT day-surgery was performed on morning lists which have a lower admission rate than afternoon lists. The main reasons for admission are vomiting 30 per cent, haemorrhage 20 per cent and inadequate recovery from anaesthetic 22 per cent. A more detailed analysis of reasons for admission were given for tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, FESS, and grommets. Recommendations are given which might increase the scope of safe day-surgery and reduce admission rate.

scholarly journals Towards a New Mental Health Act: Mental Health Commissions for England and Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Robert Bluglass
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Short Period

The first step towards the establishment of an independent body to supervise standards of care for psychiatric patients was taken with the appointment in 1774 of Commissioners in Lunacy with the responsibility of licensing and inspecting private madhouses in London. It consisted of five physicians elected annually by the Royal College of Physicians. They were replaced in 1828 by a body of Metropolitan Commissions, consisting of fifteen members appointed by the Home Secretary, of whom only five were physicians and most of the rest were Members of Parliament. Their powers included (with respect to London) the supervision of 'subscription hospitals for the insane’ in addition to private madhouses (but with the exception of Bethlem). For a short period from 1842 their jurisdiction widened further to include provincial hospitals as well as those in the Metropolis.

scholarly journals The psychiatrist as expert witness. Part 2: criminal cases and the Royal College of Psychiatrists' guidance

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith J. B. Rix
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Expert Evidence ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Court Of Appeal

Psychiatrists reporting in criminal cases in England and Wales are now governed by the Criminal Procedure Rules on expert evidence and these will require changes to the format and content of psychiatrists' reports in criminal proceedings. This article sets out the new rules and also draws attention to additional requirements made by the Court of Appeal and, when instructed by the police or the Crown Prosecution Service, by the Crown Prosecution Service. It also draws attention to the report of the Scoping Group on Court Work of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

scholarly journals Community treatment orders in England and Wales: national survey of clinicians' views and use

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Manning ◽  
Andrew Molodynski ◽  
Jorun Rugkåsa ◽  
John Dawson ◽  
Tom Burns
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Community Treatment Orders ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
And Training

Aims and methodTo ascertain the views and experiences of psychiatrists in England and Wales regarding community treatment orders (CTOs). We mailed 1928 questionnaires to members of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.ResultsIn total, 566 usable surveys were returned, providing a 29% response rate. Respondents were generally positive about the introduction of the new powers, more so than in previous UK studies. They reported that their decision-making regarding compulsion was based largely on clinical grounds.Clinical implicationsIn the absence of research evidence or a professional consensus about the use of CTOs, multidisciplinary input in decision-making is essential. Further research and training are urgently needed.

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