The Institution of Honorary Supervisors in the System of Public Education of the Russian Empire in the First Half of the 19th Century (The Case of the Kharkov Educational District): Duties, Career, Social Status, and Education Level. Part 2

The article presents the views of N. Kh. Vessel on primary public education in the middle of the 19th century. These views were reflected in the “Journal of the Ministry of Public Education”. What is new is a detailed analysis of his views on the education of the people, based on his reports on business trips published in the “Journal of the Ministry of Public Education”. The relevance of the study is due to the need to fill the historiographic gap in the study of the activities of N. Kh. Vessel as a person who shaped public education. Also, the example of N. Kh. Wessel shows the role of a personality in such an important for the Russian Empire of the 19th century sphere as public education.

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The Senate under Paul I and the issue of fiscal status of petty szlachta in the Russian western provinces at the turn of the 19th century

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv20163208 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 99-107

Author(s):

Constantin Vadimovich Troianowski

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

19Th Century ◽

Social Group ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Governmental Body ◽

The Social ◽

Privileged Status ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The Individual ◽

The 19Th Century

After the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 the Russian empire faced a problem of determining the social status of petty Polish nobles (szlachta) in imperial hierarchy. At the turn of the 19th century the Senate was the governmental body that had to resolve this issue. In April of 1800 Paul I approved the proposal of the Senates 3d department to confirm lesser szlachtas fiscal immunity and other privileges enjoyed by her under Rzecz Pospolita. Yet, in the same year the Senates 1st department when deliberating on a separate case of szlachtas tax status in Novorossiysk province, passed two resolutions that contradicted the legal norm adopted in April. This paper focuses on the analysis of circumstances under which the Senates departments came to different decisions on the same problem. Their resolutions reflected two approaches to the policy of petty szlachtas inclusion in the imperial nobility. The resolution of the 3d department, supported by Paul I, envisaged a co-optation of szlachta as a social group through legislative confirmation of its privileged status in the empire. The approach of the 1st department emphasized the necessity of szlachtas integration into imperial nobility on the individual basis (by submitting proofs of noble origin compliant to the Russian laws). As a result the imperial government gave preference to the second model of inclusion.

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The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

Modern Studies in German History ◽

10.15421/311902 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

D. Meshkov

Keyword(s):

Everyday Life ◽

19Th Century ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Early Years ◽

Criminal Cases ◽

South West ◽

Multiethnic Population ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

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Reasons for the Onset of the Uniat Clergy’s Movement Towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the Beginning of the 19th Century

Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” ◽

10.24030/24092517-2020-0-2-293-317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 293-317

Author(s):

Protopriest Alexander Romanchuk

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Government Policy ◽

Catholic Church ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Latin Church ◽

The Government ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Church Service ◽

The 19Th Century

The article studies the system of pre-conditions that caused the onset of the uniat clergy’s movement towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 19th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the uniat clergy going back to Orthodoxy was the result of certain historic conditions, such as: 1) constant changes in the government policy during the reign of Emperor Pavel I and Emperor Alexander I; 2) increasing latinization of the uniat church service after 1797 and Latin proselytism that were the result of the distrust of the uniats on the part of Roman curia and representatives of Polish Catholic Church of Latin church service; 3) ecclesiastical contradictions made at the Brest Church Union conclusion; 4) division of the uniat clergy into discordant groups and the increase of their opposition to each other on the issue of latinization in the first decades of the 19th century. The combination of those conditions was a unique phenomenon that never repeated itself anywhere.

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