The Importance of “Thoughts on Being Profitable for the State in the Financial Relation of the System of Contributing Irregular Troops by Special Population Groups, Enjoying for this Military Service Exemptions and Privileges” of N.I. Krasnov in the Legacy of the Author, and Social-Political Lifeof the Don 1860

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Population ◽  
Population Groups

scholarly journals Jan Sobieski’s latifundium and the soldiers (1652-1696)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ujma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
The People ◽  
Actual Strength ◽  
The Military

Abstract An analysis of the relationship between Jan III Sobieski and the people he distinguished shows that there were many mutual benefits. Social promotion was more difficult if the candidate for the office did not come from a senatorial family34. It can be assumed that, especially in the case of Atanazy Walenty Miączyński, the economic activity in the Sobieski family was conducive to career development. However, the function of the plenipotentiary was not a necessary condition for this. Not all the people distinguished by Jan III Sobieski achieved the same. More important offices were entrusted primarily to Marek Matczyński. Stanisław Zygmunt Druszkiewicz’s career was definitely less brilliant. Druszkiewicz joined the group of senators thanks to Jan III, and Matczyński and Szczuka received ministerial offices only during the reign of Sobieski. Jan III certainly counted on the ability to manage a team of people acquired by his comrades-in-arms in the course of his military service. However, their other advantage was also important - good orientation in political matters and exerting an appropriate influence on the nobility. The economic basis of the magnate’s power is an issue that requires more extensive research. This issue was primarily of interest to historians dealing with latifundia in the 18th century. This was mainly due to the source material. Latifundial documentation was kept much more regularly in the 18th century than before and is well-organized. The economic activity of the magnate was related not only to the internal organization of landed estates. It cannot be separated from the military, because the goal of the magnate’s life was politics and, very often, also war. Despite its autonomy, the latifundium wasn’t isolated. Despite the existence of the decentralization process of the state, the magnate families remained in contact with the weakening center of the state and influenced changes in its social structure. The actual strength of the magnate family was determined not only by the area of land goods, but above all by their profitability, which depended on several factors: geographic location and natural conditions, the current situation on the economic market, and the management method adopted by the magnate. In the 17th century, crisis phenomena, visible in demography, agricultural and crafts production, money and trade, intensified. In these realities, attempts by Jan III Sobieski to reconstruct the lands destroyed by the war and to introduce military rigor in the management center did not bring the expected results. Sobieski, however, introduced “new people” to the group of senators, who implemented his policy at the sejmiks and the Parliament, participated in military expeditions and managed his property.

scholarly journals The Role of Military Service in the Integration/Segregation of Muslims, Christians and Druze within Israel

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Zeedan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Social System ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Peace ◽  
New Nation ◽  
State Relations ◽  
State Of Israel

This study applies the negative peace/positive peace approach to internal nation-state relations between the majority and ethnic minority. This approach focuses on the policies implemented by the state. In order to understand the social system from its formation, an important focus should be given to the period of establishment of a new state, whereas physical borders are defined along with the borders of society, which determines who is included in the new nation and who is excluded. The conclusions are based on the case of the Israeli Druze, an ethnic minority with whom the state of Israel and its Jewish majority have achieved positive peace. This study suggests that the positive peace with the Druze was achieved following their integration in the army—as a decision of the state of Israel—that lead to their integration in the Israeli society. Conversely to the Israeli Muslims, where a negative peace is maintained, following the early year’s state policy to exclude them.

Anatolian Kilims; New Insights and Problems

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
James Mellaart
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Basic Prerequisite

The study of Anatolian kilims has much in common with Anatolian archaeology of the second millennium B.C. In both cases we have the evidence from the texts; place names in the Hittite texts, tribal and place names in the Ottoman ones. Whereas the bulk of the Hittite place names can not yet be securely located, but with certain exceptions belong to settled population groups, those from the Ottoman records refer to nomadic or semi-nomadic elements that can sometimes be pinpointed, but more often are vague and imprecise. Further information of relevance is sometimes supplied, but more often not. Neither set of records is perfect, nor answers such to us essential questions of dates, ancestry, arrival, affinity with others, subdivisions, size of country or territory inhabited etc. Most of the Hittite texts are religious or political; most of the Ottoman records dealing with tribal groups deal with taxation, or later with military service.The basic prerequisite both for Hittite and Ottoman tribal studies is the reconstruction of a map or better still of a series of maps for various successive periods on which the events recorded in the texts and the material evidence derived from archaeology or textile production can be plotted. Here the aims are the same and so are the methods; basically fieldwork.

scholarly journals Prussian lieges in the State of Teutonic Order in the Period of Great Uprising (1242–1283)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Denisov Sergey A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Main Part ◽  
The State ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Historical Methods

Article is devoted to the contidition (obligations and functions) of Prussians, who defected to the Order and church in the period of Great uprising and received the land estates for their service. The data about this category contained in acts and chronicle of Peter of Dusburg has been researched with prosopographical, typological and comparative-historical methods that allowed to form the conclusion about the condition of 245 lieges. The main part of lieges formed by persons, who were obliged to participate in the campaigns of brothers and defend lands from invasion, to build and restore fortifications and additionally to pay natural- money and natural taxes (groups 1 and 2). This situation was caused by necessity of brothers in military resource for the suppression of the uprising and further expansion in the Baltic region. In turn, persons, who were relieved from military service, performed civil duties and/or pay taxes (group 3), formed less part of lieges. Attracting Prussians on the side of Order and church was carried out by giving them rights and obligations, fixed in Culm’s charter and specified in accordance with local legal features, and also by distribution of social guarantee in the case of devastation of their estates by rebels. In this situation nobles and free tribal members perceived service to the Order and church as opportunity to improve their own condition by receiving of guarantee for property and power over other tribesmen. Keywords: Prussians, lieges, Teutonic order, Great uprising, military service, tax

Militaries and the duty of care to enhanced veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Henschke
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
The State ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Moral Responsibilities

This article argues that there is a duty of care held by the State to military veterans who have been technologically enhanced as part of their military service. It suggests that enhancements may be permanent, persistent or protracted and demonstrates how enhancements generate additional moral responsibilities from the chain of command. The paper concludes by demonstrating how this institutional duty of care relates to issues such as informed consent.

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