Youth intimate partner violence: barriers and bridges during the ending process

Young Women ◽

Intimate Relationships ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Abusive Relationships ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Societal Norms ◽

Ending Process ◽

A substantial body of existing research offers valuable knowledge about how victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) manage to leave abusive partners. To date, however, such studies have focused on adult women. The present article focuses on abusive youth relationships and how they end, adopting an intersectional approach to place analytic focus on youth, gender and sexuality as societal positions. The data consist of in-depth ‘teller-focused’ interviews with 18 IPV victims aged 17–23 in Sweden. The theory-driven analysis brings to the fore a multilevel Ending Process presenting ‘barriers’ and ‘bridges’ on three levels: the societal, the social and the individual. Societal norms, social arenas and individual factors are all shown to affect youth victimisation as well as the relationship ending process. Gender norms seem to be key in understanding IPV among young women, as they appear to present a challenge to ending abusive relationships. It is important to acknowledge violence in youth intimate relationships and to consider the whole of a young person’s experience of IPV. Researchers, practitioners and policymakers need to be sensitive to how different societal positions interact and affect youth victimisation and young people’s ability to end abusive relationships. Key messages <ul><li>It is important to acknowledge violence in youth intimate relationships and to consider how the experience of IPV may vary according to young people’s societal positions.</li> <li>Societal norms, social arenas and individual factors are all important aspects in understanding youth victimisation of IPV, as well as the relationship ending process.</li> <li>Gender norms seem to be key in understanding IPV among young women, as they appear to present a challenge to ending abusive relationships.</li></ul>

The relationship between intimate partner violence and probable depression among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi

Global Public Health ◽

10.1080/17441692.2020.1718732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 865-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Savvy K. Brar ◽

Tara S. H. Beattie ◽

Melanie Abas ◽

Dhrutika Vansia ◽

Twambilile Phanga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Young Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

The Relationship ◽

Probable Depression

Intimate Partner Violence and Psychological Distress Among Young Couples: The Role of the Pattern of Violence

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.v33.i3.547 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 547-562

Author(s):

Josette Sader ◽

Camille Roy ◽

Stéphane Guay

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Young Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

The Relationship ◽

Sem Analyses

The objective of this study was to assess whether the psychological distress of young men and women involved in intimate partner violence (IPV) is predicted by their reported role in the pattern of violence. Dyadic structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed on a sample of 205 young couples, controlling for income, cohabitation, children, and the length of the relationship. Findings revealed that the most common reported pattern of IPV was mutual in nature. Reported bidirectional violence within the couple was related to distress for both sexes. The couple’s income and the length of their relationship were negatively associated with psychological distress, namely for young women. Findings point to the importance of considering therapy in a couple-context.

Young Women’s Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Patterns Across Multiple Relationships

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0361684318795880 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 430-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Angie C. Kennedy ◽

Deborah Bybee ◽

Heather L. McCauley ◽

Kristen A. Prock

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Multiple Relationships ◽

Coercive Control ◽

Relationship Length ◽

Intimate Partner Violence Victimization ◽

Occurrence Patterns ◽

We explored patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization at the relationship level within a socioeconomically diverse sample of young women who had experienced IPV. We recruited from a university, a 2-year college, and high-risk community settings. Drawing on life course theory and utilizing the life history calendar, we conducted retrospective interviews with 148 young women aged 18–24 about partner victimization (physical IPV, coercive control, and sexual IPV) within each relationship, beginning with their first (up to four relationships; 388 total). We assessed patterns of IPV across participants’ relationship histories: rates of the three IPV types and co-occurrence, by setting and relationship number; relationship length in association with the number of IPV types; and transitions into and out of abusive relationships. Coercive control was the most common IPV type across Relationships 1–4 (46–58% of relationships), followed by physical IPV (42–54%) and sexual IPV (29–34%); the most common co-occurrence patterns were physical IPV plus coercive control and all three IPV types combined. Relationships lasted 15–24 months on average, and relationship length was positively associated with the number of IPV types. Transitions were heterogeneous, with systematic, positive change in physical IPV from Relationships 1 to 2; setting was not associated with transition patterns. In the future, researchers should explore a relationship-level approach; prevention and intervention efforts should integrate sexual assault and partner violence, begin early, and target all youth. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684318795880 .

The Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Family Planning among Girls and Young Women in the Philippines

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p121 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Laura Cordisco Tsai ◽

Claudia Cappa ◽

Nicole Petrowski

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Young Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

The Philippines ◽

Contraception Use ◽

This study explored the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and family planning among adolescent girls and young women in formal unions in the Philippines. Analyzing a sample (n =1,566) from the 2013 Philippines Demographic and Health Survey, logistic regression models were separately run for current contraception use and unmet need for family planning on recent physical violence (yes/no), recent sexual violence (yes/no), and recent emotional (yes/no). Findings revealed that the odds of using contraception were significantly higher among girls and young women who reported recent physical IPV (OR=1.84; 95% CI=1.13, 2.99; p<0.05) and sexual IPV (OR=2.18; 95% CI=1.17, 4.06; p<0.05). No significant relationship between recent emotional IPV and contraception use was found. Having an unmet need for family planning showed no significant relationship to IPV. The study adds to a growing body of literature revealing a positive association between IPV and contraception use. Findings hold implications for the provision of family planning services for adolescents and young women in response to the recent passage of landmark legislation pertaining to reproductive health in the Philippines, the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act.

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT MARRIED WOMEN IN SOUTH ASIA

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932016000286 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 206-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Enu Anand ◽

Sayeed Unisa ◽

Jayakant Singh

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

South Asia ◽

Unintended Pregnancy ◽

Young Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Married Women ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

SummaryThis study examined the relationship between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and unintended pregnancy among young women in South Asia using Demographic and Health Survey data from India (2005–2006), Bangladesh (2007) and Nepal (2011). The respondents were adolescent and young adult married women aged 15–24 years who had at least one childbirth in the five years preceding the survey. Bivariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IPV and unintended pregnancy. Thirty-eight per cent of the respondents in India, 52% in Bangladesh and 28% in Nepal reported having experienced physical or sexual IPV. Those who reported physical or sexual IPV had higher odds of unintended pregnancy (1.36 in India and 1.99 in Bangladesh). The findings indicate that IPV is a risk factor for unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young adult married women. Along with violence prevention programmes, a more responsive and youth-friendly health system needs to be in place to provide health care services to young women in these countries.

“Should I Stay, or Should I Go?”: The Experiences of, and Choices Available to Women of South Asian Heritage Living in the UK When Leaving a Relationship of Choice Following Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci9090151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Kalwinder K. Sandhu ◽

Hazel R. Barrett

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Safety Net ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Abusive Relationships ◽

Arranged Marriage ◽

Women’S Experiences ◽

Women's Experiences ◽

Researching South Asian women who have departed social norms and married outside the social conventions of their culture widens our understanding and knowledge on the topic of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This paper will investigate how the women participating in the research navigated the socialisation of arranged marriage and expectations on them as women, and how this influenced their decisions to remain in violent and abusive relationships. Often without family support or the “safety net” of an arranged marriage, the women stayed in abusive relationships longer than they would have done if the marriage had been arranged. The findings show that the women’s experiences of leaving the relationship are mediated by the context of forming an intimate relationship. A qualitative research approach using Black Feminist Standpoint Epistemology employed thematic analysis to give voice to South Asian women’s experiences and insights into their experiences of, and responses to, leaving abusive relationships. The analysis shows that women’s agentic act of choosing a partner became the very barrier to leaving the relationship if it turned violent and abusive.

The Role of Violence Acceptance and Inequitable Gender Norms in Intimate Partner Violence Severity Among Couples in Zambia

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260519876722 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 088626051987672

Author(s):

Shoshanna L. Fine ◽

Jeremy C. Kane ◽

Sarah M. Murray ◽

Stephanie Skavenski ◽

Saphira Munthali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Relationships ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Gender Norms ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Heterosexual Couples ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ipv Perpetration ◽

Inequitable gender norms, including the acceptance of violence in intimate relationships, have been found to be associated with the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization. Despite these findings, few studies have considered whether inequitable gender norms are related to IPV severity. This study uses baseline data from a psychotherapeutic intervention targeting heterosexual couples ( n = 247) in Lusaka, Zambia, who reported moderate to severe male-perpetrated IPV and male hazardous alcohol use to consider: (a) prevailing gender norms, including those related to IPV; (b) the relationship between IPV acceptance and IPV severity; and (c) the relationship between inequitable gender norms and IPV severity. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to model the relationships between IPV acceptance and inequitable gender norms, and female-reported IPV severity (including threats of violence, physical violence, sexual violence, and total violence), separately among male and female participants. In general, men and women were similar in their patterns of agreement with gender norms, with both highly endorsing items related to household roles. More than three-quarters of men (78.1%) and women (78.5%) indicated overall acceptance of violence in intimate relationships, with no significant differences between men and women in their endorsement of any IPV-related gender norms. Among men, IPV acceptance was associated with a statistically significant increase in IPV perpetration severity in terms of threatening violence ( B = 5.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.84, 9.89]), physical violence ( B = 4.54, 95% CI = [0.10, 8.98]), and total violence ( B = 11.65, 95% CI = [3.14, 20.16]). There was no association between IPV acceptance and IPV victimization severity among women. Unlike IPV acceptance, there was no evidence for a relationship between inequitable gender norms and IPV severity for either men or women. These findings have implications for the appropriateness of gender transformative interventions in targeting men and women in relationships in which there is ongoing IPV.

Intimate Partner Violence

Encyclopedia of Social Work ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.210 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bonnie E. Carlson

Keyword(s):

Social Workers ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Abusive Relationships ◽

Same Sex ◽

Female Victims ◽

Seeking Help ◽

Perpetrators And Victims ◽

Intimate partner violence—physical, emotional, or sexual abuse experienced in both heterosexual and same-sex relationships—has emerged as a significant and complex social problem warranting the attention of social workers. Numerous risk factors have been identified in individual perpetrators and victims, as well as at the level of the relationship, community, and society. Partner violence has diverse consequences for female victims, as well as for perpetrators and children who are exposed to it. Although many female victims do seek help and end abusive relationships, seeking help from professionals such as social workers is often a last resort.

The Effects of Social Location and Situational Factors on Young Women’s Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence Across Relationships

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/vv-d-21-00038 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. VV-D-21-00038

Author(s):

Angie C. Kennedy ◽

Deborah Bybee ◽

Adrienne E. Adams ◽

Carrie A. Moylan ◽

Kristen A. Prock

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Low Income ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Abusive Relationships ◽

Social Location ◽

Sexual Intimate Partner Violence

The goal of the study was to examine disclosure of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization across abusive relationships within a sociodemographically diverse sample of young women. We recruited 283 participants, ages 18 to 24, from a university, a 2-year college, and community sites serving low-income young women, and assessed physical and sexual IPV victimization, and related disclosure, across each of their abusive relationships (415 total). We used multilevel modeling to examine the effects of social location and situational factors on the odds of any disclosure of abuse during first relationships and across relationships. The rate of physical IPV disclosure was 50%, vs. 29% for sexual IPV. Multilevel model results indicated setting, IPV type, high frequency sexual IPV, and fear were significantly related to any disclosure.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.54 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 54-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Marisa L. Beeble ◽

Deborah Bybee ◽

Cris M. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Anecdotal Evidence ◽

Multiple Variables ◽

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.