Regional integration and infrastructure connectivity in Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Mubila ◽  
Tito Yepes
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Regional Public Goods ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Sound Management ◽  
Submarine Cables

Regional infrastructure is one aspect of broader regional integration. In contrast to economic or political integration, however, cooperation in infrastructure provision is easier to achieve, because benefits are more clearly defined, and countries need to cede less sovereignty. Regional infrastructure cooperation is therefore an effective initial step on the path to broader integration. Some countries have more to gain from regional integration than others. Landlocked countries depend particularly on effective road and rail corridors to the sea, as well as on intra-continental fiber-optic backbones that link them to submarine cables. Coastal countries depend particularly on sound management of water resources upstream. Small countries benefit especially from regional power trade that reduces the costs of energy supply. If regional integration provides a substantial economic dividend to some of the participating countries, designing compensation mechanisms that benefit all of them should be possible. However, financing regional public goods tend to be problematic.

Trends of Regional Integration on the Post-Soviet Space: Results of Quantitative Analysis

2010 ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vinokurov ◽  
A. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The paper applies a new dataset of the System of Indicators of Eurasian Integration to evaluate the changes of level and direction of economic interaction of the post-Soviet states in the last decade. It analyzes the integration dynamics in the area of trade and migration as well as on three functional markets of agricultural goods, electricity and educational services. The paper concludes that the level of trade integration on the post-Soviet space continues declining, while there is a rapid increase of the labor market integration. Three largest countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan - demonstrate positive integration dynamics, but small countries maintain the leading position in the area of post-Soviet integration.

Political Leadership, Informality, and Regional Integration in East Asia: The Evolution of Asean Plus Three

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimatsu Hidetaka
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Public Goods ◽  
Catalytic Role ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Shared Norms

AbstractSince the late 1990s, moves towards regional integration and cooperation have gained momentum in East Asia. The regional countries have expanded and deepened integration initiatives under the ASEAN Plus Three (APT) framework that consists of ASEAN countries, China, Japan and South Korea. What factors have promoted the development of regional integration and economic cooperation in the region? This article addresses this question in terms of collectively shared norms and political leadership. Informality, a representative common norm, played a catalytic role in first nurturing communication for regional cooperation and inducing a reluctant state to join the cooperative framework. Importantly, the development of regional cooperation under the APT framework was accompanied by a shift in emphasis from informal to formal settings. Moreover, leadership shown by China and Japan has played a crucial role in promoting the regional integration initiatives. While China has taken the initiative in propelling regional free trade agreements and economic development and integration in the Indochina countries, Japan has taken the lead in developing financial and monetary architectures and other cooperative mechanisms. Rivalry for political leadership has induced the two countries to provide regional public goods in a positive-sum game manner.

Nonlinear Characterization of Fiber Optic Submarine Cables

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mateo ◽  
Kohei Nakamura ◽  
Takanori Inoue ◽  
Yoshihisa Inada ◽  
Takaaki Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Nonlinear Characterization ◽  
Submarine Cables

scholarly journals Energy Transmission Mode Based on All-electric Vessels for Pelagic Islands and Its Coordinated Scheduling Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Zhixun Wang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Xiangning Lin ◽  
Zhengtian Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Scheduling Strategy ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Supply Mode

There is a lack of effective liaison between pelagic island microgrids, leading to inflexible transmission of energy between islands. However, the interconnection mode by submarine cables is not economical due to the long distances between islands. Therefore, an energy supply mode based on allelectric vessels is proposed in this paper. The framework and working principle of the mode are first introduced. A two-stage optimization model is established considering the coordinated operation of island microgrid and the swapping plan of all-electric vessels. The simulation results show that the proposed transmission mode can reduce overall costs and the proposed scheduling strategy can promote renewable energy consumption and reduce operation costs.

scholarly journals Unspooling the Legacy of Submarine Cables

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
M. Wynn Tranfield
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Global Communication ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Submarine Cables

Submarine cables represent an invisible yet crucial infrastructure that enable all manner of global communication. Despite their impact, they are seldom a matter of public interest or debate. Further, they are uniquely represented in state, federal, and international legislation. Throughout history, legislative concerns surrounding submarine cables have shifted from colonial monopolies to environmental health and national security. The following document examines the evolution of submarine cables from the first transatlantic copper wire cable to the present fiber-optic cable boom through the legislative lens.

Optical polarization–based seismic and water wave sensing on transoceanic cables

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6532) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwen Zhan ◽  
Mattia Cantono ◽  
Valey Kamalov ◽  
Antonio Mecozzi ◽  
Rafael Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Submarine Cable ◽  
Submarine Earthquakes ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Data Gap ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Seafloor geophysical instrumentation is challenging to deploy and maintain but critical for studying submarine earthquakes and Earth’s interior. Emerging fiber-optic sensing technologies that can leverage submarine telecommunication cables present an opportunity to fill the data gap. We successfully sensed seismic and water waves over a 10,000-kilometer-long submarine cable connecting Los Angeles, California, and Valparaiso, Chile, by monitoring the polarization of regular optical telecommunication channels. We detected multiple moderate-to-large earthquakes along the cable in the 10-millihertz to 5-hertz band. We also recorded pressure signals from ocean swells in the primary microseism band, implying the potential for tsunami sensing. Our method, because it does not require specialized equipment, laser sources, or dedicated fibers, is highly scalable for converting global submarine cables into continuous real-time earthquake and tsunami observatories.

Fiber Optic Submarine Cables

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich H. P. Oestreich
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Submarine Cables
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