Closing thoughts

Good Policing ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Mike Hough
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Justice Theory ◽  
Public Morality ◽  
Moral Behaviour ◽  
Normative Foundations

This chapter discusses some question raised, but not fully answered, in earlier chapters. The first is whether we require police to behave morally, or ethically. It argues that the distinction between ethical and moral behaviour is a significant one, and that police officers should be assesses against ethical standards of behaviour rather than their moral reasoning. Secondly there are questions relating to the risks of coupling policing and the law too closely to public morality. The chapter argues that there are boundaries between criminal law and public morality that the police should be very cautious about crossing. Finally the chapter stresses the importance of foregrounding the normative foundations upon which procedural justice theory is built, which are best analysed within frameworks of human rights, social rights and democratic values. This will mitigate the risk that the procedural justice approach will be seen simply as a series of behavioural tricks and shortcuts for securing compliance.

Perlindungan Tahanan yang Tewas yang Dianiaya Hingga Tewas di Selpolres Subang Dikaitkan dengan Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 4 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perawatan Tahanan Dikaitan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Moh. Ari Abdul Salam ◽  
Dini Dewi Heniarti
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Literature Study

Abstract. Indonesia is a country based on law which is obliged to respect, uphold and protect human rights guaranteed by the constitution with all the instruments of its state, including the police. The authority of the police that is vulnerable to human rights violations and acts of torture carried out by individual detainees who are in the cell or police officers who are mandated to guard. Now Perkap Number 4 Th 2105 on Nursing Care has provided a legal umbrella for police officers who emphasize to uphold human rights to protect detainees from acts of violence, there are two things namely prevention and protection, meaning that the police can minimize acts of violence that can occur whenever acts of violence with the rules that apply to the police as a prison guard in a detention house. Like the Case of Detainees killed in Subang Police Cells in 2108 perpetrators who were tortured by fellow detainees and left by police officers in which the police as having full authority over their responsibilities as guards prisoners who clearly violated Ham and neglected his duties. This researcher aims to find out the mechanism of Prisoner Care at Pekap No. 4 of 2015 on the Care of Prisoners and also to find out the Polri's Duties as authorities to protect Prisoners protected by Ham. The method used in this research is normative juridical, which is a method that studies and examines primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. By conducting a legal review through a literature study to obtain secondary data relating to legislation. With this research it is expected to be a material consideration regarding the Care of Prisoners in Indonesian criminal law. Abstrak. Indonesia merupakan negara yang berdasarkan hukum yang berkewajiban untuk menghormati, menjunjung tinggi dan melindungi Hak Asasi Manusia yang dijamin oleh konstitusi dengan semua perangkat negara yang dimilikinya, termasuk kepolisian. Wewenang kepolisian yang rentan dengan pelanggaran HAM dan tindakan Penganiayaa yang dilakukan oleh oknum Tahanan yang berada di sel maupun oknum Polri yang diamanatkan untuk menjaga. Kini Perkap Nomor 4 Th 2105 tentang Perawatan Tahanan telah memberikan payung hukum bagi aparat kepolisian yang menekankan agar menjunjung tinggi HAM untuk melindungi Tahanan dari tindakan kekerasan  , ada dua hal yaitu pencegahan dan perlindungan , artinya kepolisian dapat meminimalisir tindakan kekerasan yang dapat terjadi kapan saja tindakan kekerasan dengan aturan yang berlaku bagi Polisi sebagai penjaga tahanan di Rumah Tahanan.. Seperti halnya Kasus Tahanan yang tewas di dalam SelPolres Subang Pada Tahun 2108 pelaku yang dianiaya sesama Tahanan dan dibiarkan oleh oknum Polisi yang mana Polri sebagai memiliki wewenang penuh atas tangguang jawab nya sebagai penjaga tahanan yang jelas melanggar Ham dan melakukan kelalalian terhadap tugas nya. Penelitin ini bertujun untuk mengetahui mekanisme Perawatan Tahanan pada Pekap No 4 Th 2015 Tentang Perawatan Tahanan dan juga untuk mengetahui Tugas Polri sebagai berwenang melindungi Tahanan yang di lindungi Ham . Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu metode yang mempelajari dan meneliti bahan-bahan hukum primer dan bahan-bahan hukum sekunder. Dengan melakukan penelaahan hukum melalui studi kepustakaan untuk memperoleh data sekunder yang berhubungan dengan perundang-undangan.  Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan mengenai Perawatan Tahanan dalam hukum pidana indonesia.

scholarly journals PIDANA PENJARA DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dede Kania
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice Theory ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Penal Law

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Imprisonment as the main criminal is the most threatened against offenders. Imprisonment in Indonesia criminal law as a legacy of colonial law enforcement. With the development of the concept of criminal theory form retributive to restorative sentencing, imprisonment and the implementation should be reviewed so that can be in accordance with human rights principles. This research examined the imprisonment in the Indonesian criminal law, customary criminal law, and Islamic Penal law, and also the concept of imprisonment renewal in the concept of Criminal Law Code of Indonesia, and then what is the punishment that is accordance with restorative justice theory that can protect the human rights of the convicted person, victims, and society.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key Word: </em></strong><em>Imprisonment, human rights, restorative justice.</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pidana penjara sebagai pidana pokok merupakan pidana yang paling banyak diancamkan terhadap pelaku kejahatan. Pemberlakuannya merupakan peninggalan hukum kolonial. Dengan perkembangan pemikiran mengenai konsep pemidanaan dari retributif ke restoratif, pelaksanaan pidana penjara pun harus dikaji ulang sehingga dalam penjatuhan maupun pelaksanaannya dapat sesuai dengan prinsip hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan pidana penjara dalam hukum pidana Indonesia, hukum pidana adat, dan hukum pidana Islam, serta konsep pembaharuan pidana penjara dalam RKUHP, kemudian bentuk pembaharuan pemidanaan apakah yang sesuai dengan teori <em>restorative justice </em>yang dapat melindungi hak asasi terpidana, korban, dan masyarakat.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Pidana penjara, hak asasi manusia, keadilan restoratif</p>

Good Policing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Hough
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Justice Theory ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Police Contacts ◽  
The Law

This book conveys the ideas behind procedural justice theory as they apply to policing. It sets out important but complex ideas in jargon-free language to non-specialist readers with an interest in policing – including serving police officers and police recruits as they embark on a degree-level entry programme into the police service. The book’s main message is that public trust in the police builds police legitimacy, and people comply with the law and cooperate with the police when they see the police as legitimate. It argues that public trust in the police serves as the bedrock of police legitimacy. Procedural justice theory provides an account of the reasons why people obey the law that stresses the importance of fair and respectful treatment of the public, and an alignment between policing practice and people’s moral standards. It provides a narrative about crime control that questions the tough ‘no-nonsense’ solutions that politicians often reach for when crime problems emerge. The book’s main policy recommendations are that policing strategies and tactics should always be assessed against criteria of legitimacy, and that the quality of treatment in police contacts with the public is one of the keys to good policing.

scholarly journals On the identity dynamics of police legitimacy and public cooperation among a general population and a London street population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabella Kyprianides ◽  
Ben Bradford ◽  
Jonathan Jackson ◽  
Julia Yesberg ◽  
Clifford Stott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Justice Theory ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
The Public ◽  
Relational Identification ◽  
Police Activity

Social identity is a core aspect of procedural justice theory, which predicts that fair treatment at the hands of power holders such as police expresses, communicates and generates feelings of inclusion, status and belonging within salient social categories. In turn, a sense of shared group membership with power-holders, with police officers as powerful symbolic representatives of “law-abiding society”, engenders trust, legitimacy and cooperation. Yet, this aspect of the theory is rarely explicitly considered in empirical research. Moreover, the theory rests on the under-examined assumption that the police represent one fixed and stable superordinate group, including the often marginalised people with whom they interact, and that it is only superordinate identification that is important to legitimacy and cooperation. In this paper we present results from two UK-based studies that explore the identity dynamics of procedural justice theory. We reason that the police represent not only that the ‘law-abiding, national citizen’ superordinate group, but also a symbol of order/conflict and a range of connected social categories that can generate relational identification. First, we use a general population sample to show that relational identification with police, as well as identification as a ‘law-abiding citizen’, mediate some of association between procedural justice and legitimacy and are both stronger predictors of cooperation than legitimacy. Second, a sample of people living on the streets of London is used to explore these same relationships among a highly marginalised group for whom the police might represent a salient outgroup. We find that relational and superordinate identification are both strong positive predictors of cooperation, while legitimacy is not. These results have important implications for our understanding of both police legitimacy and public cooperation, as well as the extent to which police activity can serve to include—or exclude—members of the public.

PERSEFEKTIF IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING CRIME LAW NUMBER 39 OF 1999 ON HUMAN RIGHTS CASE AGAINST CHILD TRAFFICKING IN MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Ida Monika Putu Ayu Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Human Rights Violation

Laws are the norms that govern all human actions that can be done and should not be carried out both written and unwritten and have sanctions, so that the entry into force of these rules can be forced or coercive and binding for all the people of Indonesia. The most obvious form of manifestation of legal sanctions appear in criminal law. In criminal law there are various forms of crimes and violations, one of the crimes listed in the criminal law, namely the crime of Human Trafficking is often perpetrated against women and children. Human Trafficking is any act of trafficking offenders that contains one or more acts, the recruitment, transportation between regions and countries, alienation, departure, reception. With the threat of the use of verbal and physical abuse, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of a position of vulnerability, example when a person has no other choice, isolated, drug dependence, forest traps, and others, giving or receiving of payments or benefits women and children used for the purpose of prostitution and sexual exploitation. These crimes often involving women and children into slavery. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery and is one of the worst forms of violation of human dignity (Public Company Act No. 21 of 2007, on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons). Crime human trafficking crime has been agreed by the international community as a form of human rights violation.  

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian MacNaughton ◽  
Mariah McGill
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Right

For over two decades, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has taken a leading role in promoting human rights globally by building the capacity of people to claim their rights and governments to fulfill their obligations. This chapter examines the extent to which the right to health has evolved in the work of the OHCHR since 1994, drawing on archival records of OHCHR publications and initiatives, as well as interviews with OHCHR staff and external experts on the right to health. Analyzing this history, the chapter then points to factors that have facilitated or inhibited the mainstreaming of the right to health within the OHCHR, including (1) an increasing acceptance of economic and social rights as real human rights, (2) right-to-health champions among the leadership, (3) limited capacity and resources, and (4) challenges in moving beyond conceptualization to implementation of the right to health.

Council of Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
European Committee ◽  
European Court ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Two Bodies

This chapter presents an overview of the adjudicative bodies of the Council of Europe—namely, the European Court of Human Rights (established by the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR)) and the European Committee of Social Rights—and outlines their mandates with regard to integrating UN human rights treaties. It analyses how these two bodies have cited the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The dataset was forty-five cases dealt with by the Court and two collective complaints decided by the Committee that cite the CRPD up to 2016. Notwithstanding the relatively small size of the dataset, the conclusions are that the Council of Europe system has yet to engage seriously in the CRPD’s jurisprudential opportunities. The reasons for this cannot be ascertained from a desk-based methodology, and further research is required.

Procedural fairness: Between human rights law and social psychology

2021 ◽  
pp. 092405192199274
Author(s):  
Cathérine Van de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Justice Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Fair procedures have long been a topic of great interest for human rights lawyers. Yet, few authors have drawn on research from other disciplines to enrich the discussion. Social psychological procedural justice research has demonstrated in various applications that, besides the final outcome, the manner in which one’s case is handled matters to people as well. Such research has shown the impact of procedural justice on individuals’ well-being, their acceptance of unfavourable decisions, perceptions of legitimacy and public confidence. The ECtHR has confirmed the desirability of these effects in its fair trial jurisprudence. Thus far, it remains unclear to what extent the guarantees offered by Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights (the right to a fair trial) coincide with the findings of empirical procedural justice research. This article aims to rectify this and uncover similarities between the two disciplines.

Community policing in Danish “ghetto” areas: Trust and distrust between the police and ethnic minority youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110173
Author(s):  
Tobias Kammersgaard ◽  
Thomas Friis Søgaard ◽  
Mie Birk Haller ◽  
Torsten Kolind ◽  
Geoffrey Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Ethnic Minority Youth ◽  
Challenges And Strategies ◽  
The Way

Recent years have seen trends within police to use different forms of “community policing” strategies that aim to foster closer relationships and trust with citizens, as well as an orientation toward “procedural justice” in law enforcement practices. Based on 25 interviews with police officers in two different police precincts in Denmark, this article explores the policing of ethnic minority youth in so-called “ghetto” areas from the perspectives of police officers. In doing this, we describe the specific challenges and strategies in implementing such policing methods in neighborhoods where some residents display low trust or even hostility toward the police. The article sheds light on the emotional, organizational, and practical challenges involved in doing community policing in marginalized neighborhoods and the way in which this shapes how community policing is being organized in practice.

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