JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT BY SOCIAL ASPECTS

Nowadays, mortality loses its importance. Moral behaviour, and religion have become an alternative. In the public consciousness, religion and morality play second fiddle to law, which is contrary to the use of public discourse. In every rule of law, however, law and its enforcement not a matter of choice. Law is mandatory for all people without exception – as The Fundamental Law of Hungary also sets it out. The main objective of my study is to combine the judicial enforcement with the social network in Hungary, as a system, based on solidarity, given that no particular attention has been paid to this so far. Apart from some measures (debt management programme, National Asset Management Programme), the involvement of the social network in the enforcement procedure has not taken place, although it could be extremely important in particular when judgment debtors are on the verge of eviction.

Intelligence, empathy, and memory: Exploring moral enhancement through gene editing, training, and computer–brain interfaces

In this research article, I seek to expand the conversation regarding moral enhancement by identifying traits or capacities that if enhanced would lead to an increase in moral behaviour. I decided to focus on the three capacities: intelligence, empathy and memory. These abilities do not necessarily lead to moral behaviour on their own; however, building on a study on the relationship of intelligence and morality, I argued that enhancing intelligence and empathy simultaneously allows for moral behaviour as an emergent property. Intelligence alone is not sufficient because even though greater intelligence leads to more prosocial behaviour, prosocial behaviour is not inherently moral. Empathy alone can lead to partiality, especially favouring those who are a part of one’s in-group. The virtue of prudence, practical wisdom, relies on more than intellect or reason; it requires lived experience in order to effectively deliberate. Memory provides intelligence with that information. There are a variety of ways in which human enhancement can be pursued. I chose to focus on three methods in this study: gene editing, training and computer–brain interfaces. Turning to the existing scientific literature, I attempted to find examples or potential ways in which intelligence, empathy and memory could be enhanced through these methods. Genetic examples are difficult given the complexity of multi-gene traits, and that heritability is only a small percentage of overall variance. Training these capacities has had limited success, and there is no consensus in the literature on how effective is the training. Computer–brain interfaces appear to offer potential, but some experiments have only just begun on human subjects, whilst other approaches are still being tested on other animals.Contribution: This article ends with an appeal to prioritise moral enhancements over other forms. Doing so allows for a great impact on society and a safer overall approach to enhancements.

The Practice of Veiling as an Expression of the Moral Behaviour of Women and Their Social Status in the Qurʾan

Since the Qur’an has been revealed in a very specific historical and cultural context with distinct social conditions, the Qu’ranic regulations for concealment and veiling are investigated using the appropriate terminology. On the one hand, this approach shows how sociocultural conditions changed the Ancient Arabian dress code to promote moral attitudes and social status. On the other hand, it pinpoints concrete events during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad that triggered the call for concealment and made veiling part of the social and legal system of Muslim societies.

Embodied Religious Belief: The Experience of Syahadatain Sufi Order in Indonesia

Several types of research on religion in Indonesia emphasise more on religious knowledge and belief and less on other approaches such as material aspects. Religion is always related to material aspects such as mosque buildings, veils or robes for prayer, or holy water obtained from grave visitors. This study uses embodiment approach and material theory of religion to the imposition of special fashion in prayer that gives consequences on awareness and attitude of a new morality in-group cohesion. This study is a case study through participatory observations and interviews of new members of Syahadatain congregation, Cirebon, Indonesia for three years. The result of the study shows two significant findings namely first, the establishment of rituals through special fashions exerts an influence on discursive awareness and moral behaviour; and second, the driving factor of the emergence of new moral behaviour from the practice is the social gaze. This study recommends the need for the study of material artifacts such as clothing can be an alternative to the study of religion in Indonesia using the embodiment approach.

Exploring the Views of Mosque Committee Members on Mosque Religious Education Programs in Gombak

There are a multitude of social problems characterised by the growth of crime rate of violence, religious disintegration, hatred, religious disunity and tension. Such problems have raised serious attention from various parties as they lead to social disintegration and will eventually harm social security as a whole. The phenomena could be attributed to the lack of religious understanding; a critical factor in constructing the moral behaviour of human beings. A study has been conducted to obtain feedback from mosque committee members on the nature of mosque religious education curriculum. Focus Group Discussions had been conducted by engaging relevant stakeholders of mosques in order to identify the views of mosque committee members on the mosque religious education curriculum in the district of Gombak, a district in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The findings have been analysed using thematic analysis. The findings show that mosque committee members highlighted several issues which concern mosque religious education structure, education resource, participants content of curriculum, teaching and learning approaches and their expected outcomes. The findings increase the understanding on the roles of mosque as centre to acquire knowledge for sustainable development. The information can be used as bases for the development of Mosque Religious Education Curriculum.

Religiosity of the Slovakian Roma

Religiosity of the Romani has been shaped by their history, which occupies an important role in their social identity. It manifests itself in the dominant religion of the country they live in, whether Lutheran, Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim, or other. The aim of this article is to analyse and present religiosity of the Romani in Slovakia in terms of its basic parameters (faith and beliefs, religious knowledge, religious practice, opinions and moral behaviour). The article is based on the results of the social studies performed in 2018 by Reverend Martin Majda, a professor at the Institute of Theology at Catholic University in Ružomberok. The majority of the Romani in Slovakia belong to the Roman Catholic Church. Their religiosity can be characterised by a specific interpretation of the truths of the faith, e.g. a greater belief in God rather than in the last things. What is more, it bears the traits of folk religiosity, incorporating elements of individual beliefs and rituals, reflecting the Romanis’ ethnic origin. Although knowledge is not a sine qua non of identifying oneself with a particular faith, it correlates with religiosity and is worth studying. A great role is attributed to obligatory religious practices, realised on Sundays and during Holy Days, as they affect religiosity of the Romani. There is a diversity of opinions concerning religious morality. What is challenged are the norms of morality adhered to by married couples and families, especially the norms related to human sexuality.

Religion without doctrine or clergy: the case of Ancient Greece

The paper examines doctrinal and political reasons to explain why the Ancient Greek religion did not feature a distinct class of professional priests as suppliers of religious goods. Doctrinal reasons relate to worshiping a multitude of powerful anthropomorphic gods with flawed characters; absence of a founder of religion and of a scripture; lack of religious doctrine and of a code of moral behaviour and piety manifested as mass participation in rituals. These factors denied religious suppliers the opportunity to form a monopoly acting as an autonomous intermediary between humans and gods. Political reasons relate to the supremacy of the demos which watchfully guarded its decision-making powers and prevented other actors like a priestly interest group to challenge its authority.

A Reflection on the Impact of Christian and Muslim Prayers on Moral Behaviour in the Ghanaian Society

This article reflects on the impact of Christian and Muslim prayers on societal moral attitudes. It also analyses the belief, needs, modes, advantages and problems of prayer amongst the two religions. The discussions reveal that the two religions acknowledge the importance of prayer. They also share similar views on the subject; however, with regard to some elements of prayer, they share divergent views. Some notable challenges in religious pluralism in Ghana are discrimination and superiority as a result of doctrinal differences. The study recommends that, since Ghanaians have become “notoriously religious,” their prayers should reflect and result in moral lives that depict the ethical teachings of their religions. This is because the exhibition of moral values is a sine qua non for having a positive impact on society. Furthermore, the fact that contemporary education serves students from a variety of religious backgrounds, can pose many challenges to educators. Hence educators and policy makers need to provide guidelines and strategies for teaching students to understand, accept, and value religious pluralism. Those policies need to be discussed by students and their families that do not only accept and support religious pluralism, but diversity in unity. This paper contributes to current discussions on religious intolerance. Keywords: Pluralism, intolerance, prayer, morality.

Contribution to the development of models of monitoring the ethical indicators in function of implementation the system of protection of the passengers and children in the vehicle

The significance of the topic stems from the importance of moral behaviour in traffic. The subject of work is to explain the relationship between traffic ethics and ethical principles in the traffic,and application the system of protections the passengers, especially children,in the vehicle,as a function of the their road safety as a global social phenomenon today. The specificity of these topic,or work is the fact that road safety, due to complexity and tragic consequences that it brings with disrespect for the established system of value, one of area that demands the highest etical standards.This issue has its roots in ethics as a science as well as in modern trends in the field of the road safety ,where ethics,particularly the traffic ethics,found its complex practical application.

The influence of moral credentials and sociopolitical ideology on the negative spillover of environmental behaviours

The present thesis investigated whether negative spillover of environmental behaviours (i.e., when engaging in one green behaviour decreases engagement in subsequent pro-environmental behaviours) can be explained within the framework of the moral credentials phenomenon (i.e., when engaging in one moral behaviour reduces engagement in further moral behaviours). Specifically, the goal was to test whether a boost in self-esteem following a green behaviour increased the likelihood of a moral credential negative spillover effect, and whether this effect was more likely for left-wingers (vs. right-wingers), because they perceive green behaviours as more moral. Study 1 found, as predicted, that left-wingers (vs. right-wingers) perceived green behaviours as more moral and that positive feelings associated with engaging in green behaviours mediated this relation. Furthermore, Study 2 found there was a marginally significant moral credential negative spillover effect. However, the proposed moderating effect of political orientation and mediating effect of self-esteem were not found.