Criteria for Assessing the Appropriateness of Patient Counseling in Community Pharmacies

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R Ward ◽  
Paul Bissell ◽  
Peter R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
The Uk

OBJECTIVE: To develop valid, reliable criteria for assessing the appropriateness of the management of common ailments and nonprescription drug therapy in community pharmacies in the UK. METHODS: The criteria were developed by an expert panel using the nominal group technique. The validity of the criteria was tested by surveying a random sample of pharmacists who were asked to rate the importance of each criterion on a semantic differential scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). Subsequently, the reliability of the criteria was assessed: a random sample of pharmacists were each asked to apply the criteria to four vignettes of patient counseling on two separate occasions. RESULTS: All assessment criteria exceeded our predefined level of face, content, and consensual validity. In reliability testing, the overall assessment of appropriateness, along with five component assessment criteria, surpassed our predefined level of reliability. Three criteria, however, did not meet our predefined standard. These criteria were rational content of advice, rational product choice, and referral to another health professional. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the first systematic attempt to develop an instrument of general applicability for assessing the appropriateness of patient counseling and to subject it to rigorous validity and reliability testing. We suggest that further work is required to refine the criteria that did not meet reliability standards and to understand the decision-making processes underlying the assessment of vignettes of patient counseling.

scholarly journals Nominal group technique to establish the core components of home-based rehabilitation for survivors of stroke with severe disability

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e052593
Author(s):  
Rebecca J Fisher ◽  
Frances Riley-Bennett ◽  
Lal Russell ◽  
Claire Lee ◽  
Ruth Sturt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Severe Disability ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Consensus Statements ◽  
Core Components ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Group Technique

In the UK, over 20% of patients leaving hospital after a stroke will be severely disabled. Despite this, limited clinical guidance is available to teams tasked with providing support for this complex population at home. Additionally, many areas across the UK are not commissioned to treat this patient cohort, leaving them with no specialist support on discharge.ObjectivesTo establish core components of home-based rehabilitation for survivors of stroke with severe disability, based on expert panel consensus.SettingVirtual nominal group technique (vNGT) across the UK.ParticipantsExperts in the field of stroke rehabilitation (n=14) including researchers, clinicians and those with lived experience.MethodsTwo vNGT were completed using a freely available online platform, Microsoft Teams. The technique’s five stages were completed virtually; introduction, silent idea generation, round robin, clarifications and scoring. Statements were analysed for consensus, those achieving consensus underwent content analysis to form rich overarching consensus statements.ResultsA combined total of 421 statements achieved positive consensus (>75% in agreement), which formed 11 overarching consensus statements. These outline key components of home-based rehabilitation for survivors of stroke with severe disability including the structure and members of the team, as well as the skills and knowledge required.ConclusionThe consensus statements highlight the complexity of managing patients with severe stroke disability following discharge from hospital. This study has the potential to support the provision of services for this patient group, providing a benchmark for commissioners and clinicians as well as setting expectations for stroke survivors and their carers. What remains unknown is how many services currently offer this service to patients with severe disability.

scholarly journals Using an Online Nominal Group Technique to Determine Key Implementation Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination Programmes in Community Pharmacies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Elsbeth Michel ◽  
Ayesha Iqbal ◽  
Laura Faehrmann ◽  
Ivana Tadić ◽  
Ema Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Implementation Factors ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Group Technique

Abstract Background: One vital strategy to fight the COVID-19 pandemic is the rapid roll-out of vaccination programmes. In a number of countries pharmacists are joining the vaccination programme workforce, including plans to involve community pharmacies in the process. Objectives: (1) to determine key implementation factors for rapid roll-out of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in European community pharmacies and (2) to test an online approach of the nominal group technique (NGT) to generate ideas and reach consensus to achieve the first aim. Setting: In February 2021, during a workshop at the 12th Working Conference of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE). Methods: An online nominal group technique workshop over 10 hours was conducted. Identified implementation factors were mapped to the Framework for the Implementation of Services in Pharmacy (FISpH) and assessed in terms of importance and changeability.Main outcome measure: Consensus of key implementation factors.Results: In total, 85 implementation factors were identified. The top 3 factors were the same for both criteria: (Regular) Staff training on correct vaccination procedure / to perform hands-on injection technique; Training in basic life support / first aid (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and; Definition of process, roles and responsibilities in the team. Conclusion: An online NGT process enabled international collaboration in gathering diverse perspectives on the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in a time and cost-efficient manner. The process was effective in identifying implementation factors and finding solutions. Online NGT processes may be suitable for other implementation problems, not only during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Supporting communication in semantic dementia: clinical consensus from expert practitioners

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Kindell ◽  
Karen Sage ◽  
Madeline Cruice
Keyword(s):  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Client Group ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain consensus regarding the clinical priorities and tasks required in supporting communication needs in those living with semantic dementia and their families, by specialist speech and language therapists (SLTs), working in clinical practice within dementia care settings in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – A nominal group technique was used, followed by further exploration and refinement of issues using a modified Delphi technique with a group of six SLTs who specialised in dementia care and who had experience of working with individuals with semantic dementia and their families. Findings – The findings in the study demonstrate a broader scope of practice than is evident within the research literature with this client group. Therapists identified a range of psychosocial issues for both the person with semantic dementia and their family, in particular finding ways to support activity and participation in conversation and explore barriers and facilitators within the communication environment. Originality/value – This represents the first study to explore everyday practice in this rarer dementia and the information gathered here will be of use to a variety of health and social care professions interested in supporting those with semantic dementia and their families.

scholarly journals Identifying research priorities for occupational therapy in the UK: A James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262110265
Author(s):  
Jo Watson ◽  
Katherine Cowan ◽  
Hannah Spring ◽  
Jenny Mac Donnell ◽  
Ruth Unstead-Joss
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
James Lind Alliance ◽  
The Uk

Introduction As the scope and nature of practice evolves in an ever-changing health and social care landscape, it is imperative the profession continues to expand the evidence base underpinning interventions. The Royal College of Occupational Therapists partnered with the James Lind Alliance to bring together people with lived experience, occupational therapists and other people working in the health and care sector to identify contemporary research priorities for the profession in the United Kingdom. Method The JLA’s well-established methodology was adopted. An opening consultation survey gathered unanswered questions. Analysis of responses and evidence checking preceded an initial prioritisation survey. The final prioritisation workshop drew on nominal group technique. Findings 927 respondents submitted 2193 questions. Those within the project’s scope were captured in 66 overarching summary questions using thematic analysis. These were initially ranked by 1140 respondents. 18 questions comprising the 10 most highly ranked by people with lived experience and by those with professional experience were considered by 19 participants in the final workshop. Together, they reached consensus on the Top 10 priorities. Conclusion These research priorities provide a contemporary framework influencing and guiding future research, ensuring it addresses the issues of greatest importance to people accessing and delivering services.

scholarly journals Competing patient and professional agendas in service development

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wainwright ◽  
Charlotte Boichat ◽  
Lance M. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Process Of Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pain Patients

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to engage stakeholders in the development of a community based chronic pain-management service and identify their different agendas for service design and delivery. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT), a ten-step process that generates qualitative and quantitative data. Seven NGT groups were conducted in the south-west region of the UK, three with General Practitioners and nurses, three with chronic pain patients, and one with Healthcare Commissioners. Findings – The patient agenda for service development focused on process of care issues particularly the need for deep- empathy and emotional support from providers, while professionals prioritised cost-effectiveness. While there was some overlap between agendas they were largely discrete and often contradictory. Research limitations/implications – The findings imply service planners will need to make trade-offs between cost-containment and patient satisfaction. The methodology did not allow trade-offs to be put to participants in a structured form. However, such techniques are available, for example, Conjoint Analysis. There may also be value in bringing together patients and professionals in joint focus groups, to see if the gap between their different agendas can be bridged through discussion. Originality/value – The findings provide a novel insight into the competing agendas of patients and professionals regarding service development and design which will be of value to service planners and managers as they strive to reconcile these differences.

scholarly journals Barriers to implementing motivational interviewing in addiction treatment: A nominal group technique process evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 263348952110184
Author(s):  
Melissa R Hatch ◽  
Kristine Carandang ◽  
Joanna C Moullin ◽  
Mark G Ehrhart ◽  
Gregory A Aarons
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Implementation Program ◽  
Ebp Implementation ◽  
Staff Level

Background: The successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in real-world settings requires an adaptive approach and ongoing process evaluation and tailoring. Although conducting a needs assessment during the preparation phase of implementation is beneficial, it is challenging to predict all barriers to EBP implementation that may arise over the course of implementation and sustainment. This article describes a process evaluation that identified emergent and persistent barriers that impacted the implementation of an EBP across multiple behavioral health organizations and clinics. Methods: This study was conducted during the first cohort of a cluster randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy to implement motivational interviewing (MI) in substance use disorder treatment agencies and clinics. We used a modified nominal group technique (NGT) in which clinic leaders identified barriers faced during the implementation process. Barriers were categorized, then ranked and rated according to leaders’ perceptions of each barrier’s influence on implementation. The barriers were then contextualized through individual qualitative interviews. Results: Fifteen barriers were identified, grouped into staff-level barriers, management-level barriers, and implementation program barriers. Time and resistance to MI were rated as the most influential staff-level barriers. Among management-level barriers, time was also rated highest, followed by turnover and external contractual constraints. The most influential implementation barrier was client apprehension of recording for fidelity assessment and feedback. Individual interviews supported these findings and provided suggested adaptations for future implementation efforts. Conclusion: EBP implementation is an ongoing process whereby implementation strategies must be proactively and strategically tailored to address emergent barriers. This research described a process evaluation that was used to identify 15 emergent and/or persistent barriers related to staff, management, and the implementation program. Using implementation strategies that can be tailored and/or adapted to such emergent barriers is critical to implementation effectiveness. Plain Language Summary Unforeseen barriers often arise during the course of implementation. Conducting evaluations during implementation allows for tailoring the implementation strategy. As part of a larger study using the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy to implement motivational interviewing (MI), we collected data from the first cohort of LOCI clinic leaders to identify barriers to MI implementation that persisted despite advanced planning and to understand unanticipated barriers that arose during implementation. Leaders identified 15 barriers faced during the implementation process that fell into three categories: staff-level barriers, management-level barriers, and implementation program barriers. The leaders ranked time as the most influential barrier at both the staff and management levels. Staff apprehension, resistance to MI implementation, and staff turnover were also of significant concern to leaders. Future implementation efforts may benefit from conducting a similar process evaluation during the implementation phase.

scholarly journals Photograph Based Evaluation of Consumer Expectation on Healthiness, Fullness, and Acceptance of Sandwiches as Convenience Food

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Purificación García-Segovia ◽  
Mª Jesús Pagán-Moreno ◽  
Amparo Tárrega ◽  
Javier Martínez-Monzó
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Consumer Expectation ◽  
Preference Mapping ◽  
Consumer Experiences ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Sandwiches are the most common “casual-food” consumed by all age groups in Spain. Due to the importance of visual appearance to promote unplanned or impulse buying, foodservice and hospitality companies focus on improving the visual impression of their food menus to create an expectation that satisfies both sensory and hedonic consumer experiences. To provide a list of attributes about the visual appearance of sandwiches, 25 students were recruited from a university and were invited to participate in two nominal group technique (NGT) sessions. To understand whether a sandwiches’ appearance can influence the expectation of consumers, 259 participants completed an online survey specially designed from the results of the NGT sessions. Data were analyzed using conjoint, internal preference mapping and cluster analysis; the interaction effect by gender was also studied. The conjoint results indicate that visual perception about the filling (vegetal or pork based) plays the most key role overall in consumer expectation. When consumers choose vegetables as the filling, the consumers’ perceived sandwiches as healthier, but the pork filling was perceived as more attractive and satiating. Interaction effect by gender was observed in filling when females perceived pork filling as less healthy than vegetable. By acceptance, consumers were segmented into three groups. The first cluster (n = 80) selected the pork filling. The smaller group (cluster 3, n = 36) prioritized the vegetal filling, and the most numerous cluster 2 (n = 140) liked sandwiches with multigrain bread. These results may help companies to build tailor-made marketing strategies to satisfy consumer segments.

scholarly journals Parent engagement in co-design of clinical trials: the PARENT trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh M. Vanderloo ◽  
Shelley M. Vanderhout ◽  
Erika Tavares ◽  
Jonathon Maguire ◽  
Sharon Straus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Parent Engagement ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Patient Engagement In Research ◽  
Diverse Individual ◽  
Parent Trial

AbstractEvidence generated from partnering with parents to design and conduct research together may be used to refine, adjust, and modify future research approaches. This study aimed to describe the initial approaches to parent engagement in the design of the PARENT trial as well as understand parent perspectives on the acceptability and relevance of the PARENT trial and potential barriers and facilitators to participation.Parents participating in the TARGet Kids! cohort were invited to participate in a focus group, called the PARENT panel, to co-design the PARENT trial. This focus group was conducted to capture diverse individual and collective parents’ experiences. Overall methodological approaches for the PARENT panel were informed by the CIHR Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) guiding principles (mutual respect, co-building, inclusiveness, and support) for patient engagement in research, and facilitated through the Knowledge Translation Program in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at Unity Health Toronto. Using a Nominal Group Technique, the PARENT panel provided feedback on the feasibility, relevance, and acceptability of the proposed intervention. Findings from this work will be used to further refine, adjust, and modify the next iteration of the PARENT trial, which will also serve as an opportunity to discuss the efforts made by researchers to incorporate parent suggestions and what additional steps are required for improved patient engagement.

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