Closed-Captioned Television Presentation Speed and Vocabulary

1996 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Jensema ◽  
Ralph McCann ◽  
Scott Ramsey
Author(s):  
Jesse Berrett

This book explores professional football’s rising popularity in the 1960s and its simultaneous promotion by the NFL as “what makes this country great.” Taking the NFL seriously as a producer of culture—it boasted a publishing house, movie studio, and lobbyists—reveals how it used its status as the national pastime to foment broad debate. The book then explores how political influencers capitalized on that popularity by sending candidates to games, encouraging players and coaches to run for office, and stage-managing conventions that conveyed competence through effective television presentation. Middle Americans might vote for politicians who liked the game; centrist players became engaged democratic citizens; traditionalist coaches and radical athletes suddenly had a platform. Though this field tilted right, politicians on the left saw no contradiction between loving the game and standing for civil rights. This interweaving of football and politics does not reflect a dumbing-down of American politics or merely replicate the standard narrative of conservative realignment: no single participant in this scrimmage won a dominant political meaning for football. But Ronald Reagan built his appeal in 1980 around the romanticized role of George Gipp, making clear that a cluster of images promoted in the ‘60s by the NFL, and created collectively over the next decade, could and would still serve as a resonant symbol through the 80s and beyond.


1956 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-164
Author(s):  
Helen K. Strueve

5-4-3-2-1; THE INDICATOR on the television screen ticks off the minutes before the arithmetic lesson begins. Then, comes the 30 seconds' warning. At this point the children in the fifth-grade classes of the participating schools1 are ready and know that the lesson will begin momentarily. And now the television teacher is presenting the lesson of the day, the next in a series of sequential developmental lessons. Every morning, Monday through Friday, a lesson is presented from 11:05 to 11:30 over WQED, Pittsburgh's educational television station. A five minute period prior to the beginning of the lesson is used by the classroom teacher as a warm-up period. This may be in the nature of a review of number facts or a recall of the skill taught in the previous day's lesson. Following the television presentation, the teacher has fifteen minutes which she devotes to supplementing or implementing the lesson of the day.


1963 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Horace E. Williams

Discussion, study, and research concerning the use of television as a medium of instruction have been taking place for slightly more than a decade. For the past five years this type of educational research has proceeded at a fast, accelerating rate. Past research has indicated, with demonstrated validity in a number of cases, that televised instruction can be an effective means of educating students.


Author(s):  
Stanley M. Soliday

This study investigated the problem of navigation in low-altitude, high-speed, terrain-following flight. Tests were made in a four-degree-of-freedom flight simulator that had an out-of-cockpit television presentation synchronized with it in such a way that a subject seemed to be flying over a landscape with freedom to climb, descend, and change course at will. Twelve experienced jet pilots flew 48 one-and-one-half-hour missions using several combinations of navigational and terrain-following displays in two different types of simulated aircraft. The results showed that the pilots navigated with much greater efficiency when they had information from a simulated inertial guidance system than when they did not have this information. They navigated better in mountainous terrain when they used a head-up display for terrain-following than when they used conventional in-cockpit instruments for terrain-following, and they navigated better in the aircraft that had the more desirable handling qualities.


Early intensifiers having small fields of view and poor contrast were so difficult to use with normal patient tables that specialized use was the rule, and routine work unusual, though rewarding in patient dosage and detail rendition, when aerial images were used. Deposited amorphous screens suffered traumatic voids, severe halation and short lifetimes. Closed-circuit television presentation led to widespread acceptance of intensifiers for gastro-intestinal work and provided variable contrast for cardiac and renal examinations, but quantum and shot noise were suppressed by increased radiation dosage. Lag prevented close study of moving organs. Caesium iodide input screens provide physical stability, reduced halation, high contrast, improved definition, short lag, with increased quantum absorption efficiency at ‘diagnostic energies’. Reduced closed-circuit television gain and noise improve low contrast soft tissue differentiation, particularly with relative motion; lung metastases are detected before radiographs confirm, and small contrast-filled vessels are sharply defined for cineradiography. Current developments include compact intensifiers, whose field of view accepts cardiopulmonary images or includes the liver, spleen and both kidneys, or the kidneys and a considerable length of both ureters, for functional or vascular studies.


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