Masked Violence against Black Women and Girls

In this chapter, we argue that intersectionality is a theoretical and methodological framework by which education researchers can critically examine why and how students in STEM fields who are members of intersecting marginalized groups have distinctive experiences related to their social identities, other psychological processes, and educational outcomes. Taken separately, the bodies of education research focused on the experiences of Black students and female students in STEM fields often render Black women and girls “hidden figures” in that they have not sufficiently addressed their simultaneous racialized and gendered experiences in educational contexts. Additionally, we find that the current discourse on intersectionality is limited in that it does not attend to key psychological processes associated with identity and the intersectional experience in STEM education. We take a theoretical and methodological approach to examining intersectionality in STEM education and provide a new interpretation of the literature on Black women and girls in this social context. A synthesis of ( N = 60) research studies revealed that (1) identity; (2) STEM interest, confidence, and persistence; (3) achievement, ability perceptions, and attributions; and (4) socializers and support systems are key themes within the experiences of Black women and girls in STEM education. Our analysis also highlights the ways that researchers have employed intersectionality to make the experiences of Black women and girls in STEM education more visible, or “unhidden.” We discuss these findings from a psychological perspective and provide insights to guide future research and practice directions in STEM education.

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Using Hair-Combing Interactions to Enhance Relationships between Black Women and Girls Impacted by Homelessness

Women & Therapy ◽

10.1080/02703149.2019.1622912 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3-4) ◽

pp. 320-342

Author(s):

Nola M. Butler Byrd ◽

Michelle J. Rowe-Odom ◽

Ojore L. Bushfan ◽

Ava Gill ◽

Kathleen Baca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Women And Girls

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Shadism from the Perspective of Intersectionality in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye

International Journal of Linguistics Literature & Translation ◽

10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.4.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 222-227

Author(s):

Ahmed Seif Eddine Nefnouf

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

African American Women ◽

Skin Tone ◽

Racial Group ◽

Main Character ◽

Her Family ◽

Intersectionality Theory ◽

Bluest Eye ◽

Women And Girls ◽

New Vision

This paper aims to discuss shadism from a perspective of intersectionality and how people with a darker skin tone suffered particular forms of discrimination due to the issues of shadism and its interaction with the class, gender, age, ability, and race. Shadism has infused the black society for many centuries, hence outlined during slavery. Shadism is the discrimination against a person with a darker skin tone, typically among individuals of the same racial group. In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison describes how African American women and girls like Pecola are considered ugly by her family and the community due to her darker skin tone. in this research paper we are going to explore shadism and examine intersectionality theory like race, gender, sexuality and class, and their influence on dark-skinned black women, through the main character Pecola Breedlove. Using intersectionality theory to understand shadism helps to know that there are different ways a person could face oppression and domination. This paper gives a new vision of shadism which have been studied as amatter of racism, but throughout the intersectionality of the the identity component. The analysis shows that shadism is influenced by race and other aspects of intersectionality such as gender, race, age and ability, and other aspects of identity.

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Are Black Women and Girls Associated With Danger? Implicit Racial Bias at the Intersection of Target Age and Gender

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167219829182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 1427-1439 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kelsey C. Thiem ◽

Rebecca Neel ◽

Austin J. Simpson ◽

Andrew R. Todd

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Gender Bias ◽

Racial Bias ◽

Black Girls ◽

Black Boys ◽

Age Bias ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Women And Girls ◽

Implicit Stereotyping ◽

And Gender

We investigated whether stereotypes linking Black men and Black boys with violence and criminality generalize to Black women and Black girls. In Experiments 1 and 2, non-Black participants completed sequential-priming tasks wherein they saw faces varying in race, age, and gender before categorizing danger-related objects or words. Experiment 3 compared task performance across non-Black and Black participants. Results revealed that (a) implicit stereotyping of Blacks as more dangerous than Whites emerged across target age, target gender, and perceiver race, with (b) a similar magnitude of racial bias across adult and child targets and (c) a smaller magnitude for female than male targets. Evidence for age bias and gender bias also emerged whereby (d) across race, adult targets were more strongly associated with danger than were child targets, and (e) within Black (but not White) targets, male targets were more strongly associated with danger than were female targets.

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Make Washington Safe for Negro Womanhood The Politics of Police Brutality

Jim Crow Capital ◽

10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646725.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 75-109

Author(s):

Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Police Officers ◽

Women Activists ◽

Police Brutality ◽

Police Violence ◽

Street Harassment ◽

Violent Behaviors ◽

The Press ◽

Women And Girls ◽

The City

This chapter chronicles patterns of racialized and gendered interracial police brutality in Washington, D.C. and the efforts of black women and men to end this violence. Between 1928 and 1938 white police officers in the city shot and killed forty black men in the city. While white officers did not shoot and kill black women and girls, but subjected at least twenty nine to a range of violent behaviors, including street harassment, racial epithets, physical assaults, and intrusions into their homes. In addition to these abusive encounters, white officers employed a double standard by refusing to conduct investigates when black women were abused, raped, or murdered; this was a form of negligence. Black women who were the victims of police violence resisted interracial policy brutality by fighting back, alerting the press, and pleading innocence in police court. Black women activists joined with men to stem the crisis of interracial police violence through protest parades, mock trials, mass meetings, and congressional lobbying.

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Geographies of Pain, Geographies of Pleasure

Walking Raddy ◽

10.14325/mississippi/9781496817396.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 31-44

Author(s):

LaKisha Michelle Simmons

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

New Orleans ◽

Jim Crow ◽

Racial Violence ◽

Police Brutality ◽

Black Womanhood ◽

Performance Culture ◽

Female Performance ◽

Women And Girls ◽

The City

In this chapter, LaKisha Simmons argues that the Jim Crow streets in New Orleans were sites of racial violence for black women and girls. By exploring cases of assault and police brutality on the city streets during segregation, the chapter contends that bodily vulnerability defined black womanhood. Yet despite the violence and trauma of Jim Crow life, black women went out on the streets in search of pleasure. Simmons contends that the Million Dollar Baby Dolls declared their humanity and reclaimed their bodies by seeking out pleasure. Simmons analyzes Ralston Crawford photographs of black women dancing and partying to better understand pleasure geographies and black female performance culture in New Orleans during segregation.

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Tiara

10.5406/illinois/9780252037979.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ruth Nicole Brown

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Black Girls ◽

After School ◽

School Program ◽

Daily Lives ◽

News Stories ◽

Black Girlhood ◽

After School Program ◽

New Ideas ◽

Women And Girls

This chapter features a scene from a play entitled Endangered Black Girls (EBG), based on the lived experiences of Black girls the author has worked with in an after-school program (not SOLHOT) and has learned about through news stories. Theorizing the process of writing and performing EBG on through to subsequent productions made possible only because of the show's original cast, this chapter illustrates how creative means of expression make it possible to fully capture the complexities of Black girlhood and that attending to the complexities of Black girlhood is necessary to affirm Black girls' daily lives. Importantly, performances of EBG generated new ideas for ways Black women and girls could be present with each other, and the play was a primary catalyst for suggesting and co-organizing Saving Our Lives Hear Our Truths (SOLHOT) as transformative collective and creative work.

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Black Feminist Philosophy and the Politics of Refusal

The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Philosophy ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190628925.013.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Axelle Karera

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Knowledge Production ◽

Feminist Research ◽

Feminist Philosophy ◽

Black Feminist ◽

Women And Girls ◽

Research Agendas

This chapter discusses the meaning, possibility, and contributions of Black feminist philosophy. The chapter discusses a politics of refusal that characterizes Black women’s theorizing and develops it as a framework for understanding how Black feminist philosophy is more than mere corrective and subversion of mainstream philosophy. As a framework, Black feminist philosophical “politics of refusal” depicts how Black feminist philosophers doing philosophy for Black women and girls refuse to sell themselves short, refuse institutionally imposed intellectual trajectories, and refuse to respond to philosophy’s call to order in their attempts to lay down uncompromisingly Black feminist research agendas in philosophy. The chapter offers an overview of important contributions to the field and discusses how a politics of refusal operates as critique and knowledge production within the field.

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