Food Labels, Genetic Information, and the Right Not to Know

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Loi
2010 ◽  
pp. 91-113
Author(s):  
Juri Monducci

The law pertaining to personal data has developed in Italy over a thirty-year span that took us from recognition of such data in the case law, in 1975, to its statutory protection, in 2003. This evolution would subsequently come to the point of specifically regulating the processing of genetic data as data revealing an individual's genetic makeup, thereby also revealing the biological future of individuals and their offspring: this information describes an individual at a core level where the deepest, most unchangeable traits are found and can therefore nurture what is nowadays referred to as genetic determinism, which reduces the person to a complex of genetic data and so ignores the whole layer of characteristics that make each of us unique. There is, then, a discriminatory risk inherent in the processing of genetic data, and equally clear are the psychological implications of such processing, so much so that the need has arisen to have rules in place aimed at regulating the biotechnologies and genetics in particular. These rules have given birth to the so-called fourthgeneration rights, inclusive of the right to ones genetic identity and the right not to know ones genetics (although this is something that had been discussed earlier, too), and it is to a discussion of these rights that this essay is devoted.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Brownsword ◽  
Jeff Wale

Abstract Prompted by developments in human genetics, a recurrent bioethical question concerns a person’s ‘right to know’ and ‘right not to know’ about genetic information held that is intrinsically related to or linked to them. In this paper, we will revisit the claimed rights in relation to two particular test cases. One concerns the rights of the 500,000 participants in UK Biobank (UKB) whose biosamples, already having been genotyped, will now be exome sequenced, and the other concerns the rights of pregnant women (and their children) who undergo non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)—a simple blood test that can reveal genetic information about both a foetus and its mother. This two-part paper is in four principal sections. First, we sketch the relevant features of our two test cases. Secondly, we consider the significance of recent legal jurisprudence in the UK and Singapore. Thirdly, we consider how, the jurisprudence apart, the claimed rights might be grounded. Fourthly, we consider the limits on the rights. We conclude with some short remarks about the kind of genetically aware society that we might want to be and how far there is still an opportunity meaningfully to debate the claimed rights.


2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Juth

This text is about obtaining and sharing genetic information when there is a potential conflict of interests between patients and their families and relatives. The patient or, in this text, the “index-person,” is someone who is considering obtaining or already has obtained genetic information about herself through genetic testing.The index-person can have several reasons to take an interest in obtaining her genetic information. She may want to know if she has a genetic predisposition for a disorder in order to take measures for preventing its development. Even if there are no preventive measures, as is the case with Huntington's disease, for instance, she may still want to know whether she has the mutation, in order to adjust her future plans. These interests that an individual may have in obtaining genetic information have been used to argue in favour of a right to know.


2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (8) ◽  
pp. 576-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lenk ◽  
Gunnar Duttge ◽  
Laura Flatau ◽  
Debora Frommeld ◽  
Wolfgang Poser ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yordanis Enríquez Canto

En el debate bioético el desafío a la noción de autonomía personal, respecto al acceso a la información genética, se evidencia cuando se intenta dar sentido y proteger un interés en no saber. Tal debate se desarrolla en diversas áreas relacionadas con el uso de la información genética, sin embargo el presente trabajo se focaliza en el contexto de la asesoría genética. Una de las tesis centrales de este debate propone en primer lugar, que el derecho a no conocer la propia condición genética no aumenta el valor de la autonomía individual, sino que lo degrada y, segundo, que una ignorancia deseada respecto a los resultados de las pruebas genéticas es culpable. El artículo constituye una respuesta a las tesis de Rosamond Rhodes y Rodolfo Vázquez. En esta propuesta se realiza una argumentación que sigue un doble esquema. El primero incluye un razonamiento contra aquellos que hacen uso de su derecho a no saber, afirmando que no se puede ser autónomo en las decisiones sin saber toda la información pertinente. El segundo tiene en cuenta la decisión de no saber en relación a otros individuos: concluyendo que la ignorancia genética es irresponsable e incluso culpable. El objetivo del artículo es proponer, en su primera parte, algunas consideraciones críticas respecto a la díada: autonomía - necesidad de información; y en la segunda, realizar un análisis de la estrategia argumentativa que sostiene que la elección de no saber los resultados diagnósticos es una ignorancia incriminatoria. ---------- In the bioethical debate regarding access to genetic information, the challenge to the notion of personal autonomy is evident when attempting to make sense of and to protect a patient’s interest in not knowing. Such a debate takes place in various areas related to the use of genetic information, however the present work focuses on the context of genetic counseling. One of the main theses in this debate suggests first that the right not to know one’s genetic condition does not increase the value of individual autonomy, but rather degrades it and, second, that a desired ignorance of the results of genetic testing is guilty. The article is a response to the arguments of Rosamond Rhodes and Rodolfo Vázquez. The thesis proposes an argumentation that follows a double outline. The first includes an argument against those who exercise their right not to know, stating that one cannot make autonomous decisions without knowing all the relevant information. The second takes into account the decision of not knowing related to other individuals, concluding that a person who chooses genetic ignorance is irresponsible and even guilty. The purpose of the paper is to first suggest some critical considerations regarding the dyad need of information-autonomy, while secondly proposing an analysis of the theoretical framework that argues that the choice of not knowing the diagnostic results is an incriminating ignorance.


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