Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Urban/Rural Temperature and Humidity Differences for a Small City

Despite the widely hailed importance of gay bars, what we know of them comes largely from the gayborhoods of four “great cities.” This paper explores the similarities of 55 lone small–city gay bars to each other and the challenges they pose to the sexualities and urban literatures. Small–city gay bars have long been integrated with straight people in their often red–state communities; they are undifferentiated and unspecialized subcultural amenities not just for LGBT people, but for straights as well, fostering cosmopolitan lifestyles for large geographical regions whose residents nevertheless prefer small–city living for reasons, including proximity to kin or nature, and the fact that many big–city pleasures can be found everywhere. Contrasts between these findings and previous scholarship reveal the ways in which the latter has often implicitly defined urbanism and cosmopolitanism in terms of commercial diversity, as do studies of gentrification or gayborhoods. Small cities provide a way to integrate studies along the urban–rural interface, including places left to rural studies by both sexualities and urban scholarship. As an analytic object of comparison, small cities can help to disentangle urban effects from the cosmopolitanism of modern life generally.

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Atmospheric circulation and meteorological conditions during dust aerosol episodes over the broader Mediterranean Basin. The case of 16 June 2016

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8949 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Gavrouzou ◽

Nikos Hatzianastassiou ◽

Antonis Gkikas ◽

Marios-Bruno Korras-Carraca ◽

Christos Lolis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Circulation ◽

Mediterranean Basin ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Dust Aerosol ◽

Temperature Structure ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Spatial Characteristics ◽

Cloud Properties ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

High Dust

Mediterranean Basin (MB), due to its position near to the greatest world deserts (the Sahara Desert in North Africa and the deserts of Middle East), is frequently affected by dust transport. This results in dust episodes, associated with high Dust Aerosol (DA) loads reaching the northern parts of MB, taking place every year with different intensity, but with specific seasonal and spatial characteristics. The seasonal and spatial characteristics of Dust Aerosol Episodes (DAEs) in the region are connected to specific atmospheric conditions that favor the injection of DA into the region&#8217;s atmosphere, as well as to specific atmospheric circulation characteristics favoring the transport to the MB.DA not only are affected by, but they also can affect the atmospheric conditions and thus the regional weather and climate regime. Specifically, due to their ability to absorb the shortwave, but also the longwave, radiation, DA can modify the temperature structure of the atmosphere as well as the radiative budget. In addition, DA are effective Ice Nuclei (IN), and also, under mature stages, Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN), thus affecting cloud properties. These effects of DA become more important, but also complicated, when high dust loads are associated with other aerosol types, e.g. sea-salt (SS) and biomass burning (BB) over a region with high solar radiation, diverse topography and cloud regimes such as the MB.In the present study, the atmospheric circulation (geopotential height and mean sea level pressure), as well as the meteorological conditions (cloud fraction, cloud optical thickness, cloud phase, temperature and humidity profiles and vertical velocity) before, during and after an extreme Dust Aerosol Episode Case (DAEC) that took place over the western MB on June 16, 2016 are examined. The studied DAEC is identified using a satellite algorithm, which uses MODIS C6.1 and OMI OMAERUV derived aerosol optical properties.&#160; Emphasis is given to the understanding of the 3-D structure of the episode and its possible effects on the atmospheric temperature and humidity regime, as well as on cloud properties. For this reason, different reanalyses and satellite data, namely from the NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis Project), MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) and MODIS databases, are analyzed. In addition, the vertical aerosol profile is obtained from MERRA-2 data.

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Small-City Gay Bars, Big-City Urbanism

10.31235/osf.io/s364v ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Greggor Mattson

Keyword(s):

Small City ◽

Racially Diverse ◽

Small Cities ◽

Modern Life ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Big City ◽

Gay Bars ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Lgbt People ◽

The U.S

Despite the widely hailed importance of gay bars, what we know about them in the U.S. comes from outliers: gay neighborhoods in four big cities. This essay explores the similarities of 52 small-city gay bars to each other, and their differences from big-city gayborhood bars. Small-city gay bars are surprisingly integrated with straight people in their often red-state communities and are as racially diverse than the counties in which they reside. They are subcultural amenities not just for LGBT people but for straights as well, fostering cosmopolitan lifestyles for large geographical regions. I conclude with an argument for the importance of small cities to understand urbanism generally. Small cities are a key analytic object to disentangle urban effects from modern life generally. They reveal the way in which contemporary urban scholars often implicitly define urbanism in terms of commercial diversity at the expense of the reasons why many people prefer to live in small cities: proximity to kin or nature, and the fact that most big-city pleasures can be found everywhere. Studying small cities provides one way of integrating studies along the urban-rural interface and developing a more holistic, empirically rich, and theoretically sound sociology of place.

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CONDITIONS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS IN THE FREE ATMOSPHERE

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent777-1 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 7-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

W. G. Wellington

Keyword(s):

Insect Resistance ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Free Atmosphere ◽

Atmospheric Processes ◽

The Earth ◽

Vertical Range ◽

Temperature And Humidity

Insect collecting by aircraft (1) has shown that individuals of some species of insects attain heights of four or more kilometers above the earth (6). Upon consideration of the meteorological conditions within this vertical range, it would seem that the normal decrease with height of atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity would bar flights to altitudes such as those at which specimens have been found. Conversely, certain atmospheric processes might act to carry insects inertly to such altitudes, possibly beyond the supposed limits of insect resistance to the first-named elements.

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Cryo-TEM of amphiphilic polymer and amphiphile/polymer solutions

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100150216 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 876-877

Author(s):

Yeshayahu Talmon

Keyword(s):

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Physical Models ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Microstructured Fluids ◽

Air Streams

To achieve complete microstructural characterization of self-aggregating systems, one needs direct images in addition to quantitative information from non-imaging, e.g., scattering or Theological measurements, techniques. Cryo-TEM enables us to image fluid microstructures at better than one nanometer resolution, with minimal specimen preparation artifacts. Direct images are used to determine the “building blocks” of the fluid microstructure; these are used to build reliable physical models with which quantitative information from techniques such as small-angle x-ray or neutron scattering can be analyzed.To prepare vitrified specimens of microstructured fluids, we have developed the Controlled Environment Vitrification System (CEVS), that enables us to prepare samples under controlled temperature and humidity conditions, thus minimizing microstructural rearrangement due to volatile evaporation or temperature changes. The CEVS may be used to trigger on-the-grid processes to induce formation of new phases, or to study intermediate, transient structures during change of phase (“time-resolved cryo-TEM”). Recently we have developed a new CEVS, where temperature and humidity are controlled by continuous flow of a mixture of humidified and dry air streams.

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