Interdependence of constructive and settlement schemes of the building

At the design stage is very important for the formation of the reliability of any building is the stage of formation of the design model of the building, which is the basis for the construction of its load-bearing elements. The main at this stage is the adequacy of the adopted calculation model to the actual design scheme. A very important condition for assessing the actual operation of the building is to take into account the joint work of the upper part of the building (frame) with the foundations and soil base. The article examines some problems in the operation of structures, which are related to the choice of design models used in their design, on the example of a 9-storey parking lot built in the early 2000s on Pobeda Square in Kyiv. Chi-rural studies using PC LIRA-CAD analyzed the impact of joint work of the framework and foundations on the efforts at their contact. It was found that: - the impact of joint work of the frame and foundations is significant and is manifested only within a few lower floors of the frame; - taking into account the nonlinear operation of reinforced concrete structures in most cases significantly reduces the calculated forces at peak points - concentrators; - in the design process it is necessary to consider and analyze the variant design solutions of the system.

Life expectancy analysis from a multiple regression model

The present study aims to establish the relationship between the indicators of life expectancy, education and income, which are part of the human development index. The methodology used was a descriptive and correlational statistical analysis, with a population of 2480 families from the location of Virgen de Fátima - Guayas - Ecuador which made possible the analysis of the quality of social and economical development within this sector. The results show that the education index is directly related to life expectancy, which proves that there would be significant changes in life quality if it were invested in educational programs. Keywords: Multiple linear regression, life expectancy, education, per capita income. References [1]V. V. Karina Temporelli, «Relación entre esperanza de vida e ingreso. Un análisis para América Latina y el Caribe,» Lecturas de Economia, nº 75, pp. 61-85, 211. [2]E. Gómez, T. Bolaños, J. Riascos, «La educación y el ingreso como determinantes de la esperanza de vida en Colombia - 2002-2012,» Tendencias, vol. XVII, nº 2, pp. 31-55, 2016. [3]D. Strijker, G,.Bosworth, G. Bouter, «"Research methods in rural studies: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods",» Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 78, pp. 262-270, 2020. [4]W. Luo, Y. Xie, «"Economic growth, income inequality and life expectancy in China",» Social Science & Medicine, vol. 256, p. 113046, Julio 2020. [5]M. Escobar Bravo, D. Puga González, Monserrat Martín Baranera, «"Análisis de la esperanza de vida libre de discapacidad a lo largo de la biografía: de la madurez a la vejez",» Gaceta Sanitaria, vol. 26, nº 4, pp. 330-335, 2012. [6]R. Kotschy, «"Health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes",» Journal of Health Economics, vol. 75, p. 102398, 2021. [7]L. Díaz Serrano, «"The duration of compulsory education and the transition to secondary education: Panel data evidence from low-income countries",» International Journal of Educational Development, vol. 75, p. 102189, 2020. [8]Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), «"Índices e indicadores de desarrollo humano",» Estados Unidos, 2018. [9]P. Nolan, J. Sender, «"Death rates, life expentancy and China's economic reforms: A critique of A.K. Sen",» World Development, vol. 20, nº 9, pp. 1279-1303, 1992. [10]J B.Soriano, D.Rojas, J. Alonso, J-M.Antó, P. Joan, E. Fernández, lA. L.Garcia, F. Benavides,, «"La carga de enfermedad en España: resultados del Estudio de la Carga Global de las Enfermedades 2016",» Medicina clinica, vol. 151, nº 5, pp. 171-190, 14 septiembre 2018. [11]V. Kontis, J. E Bennett, C. D Mathers, G. Li, K. capataz, M. Ezzati, «"Future life expectancy in 35 industrialised countries: projections with a Bayesian model ensemble",» The Lancet, vol. 389, nº 10076, pp. 1323-1335, 2017. [12]A. Novak, Z.Cepar, A. Tronco, «"El papel de los años esperados de escolaridad entre los determinantes de la esperanza de vida",» INDER SCIENCE ONLINE, vol. 20, nº 1, 23 mayo 2016. [13]S. Rangel-Rigotti, S. Rodrigues & Guimarães-Rodrigues, «"A re-examination of the expected years of schooling: What can it tell us?",» econstor, nº 117, 2013. [14]F. Noorbakhsh, A. Paloni, A. Youssef, «"Human Capital and FDI Inflows to Developing Countries: New Empirical Evidence",» World Development, vol. 29, nº 9, pp. 1593-1610, septiembre 2001. [15]D. Filmer, H. Rogers, N. Angrist, S. Sabarwal, «"Learning-adjusted years of schooling (LAYS): Defining a new macro measure of education",» Economics of Education Review, vol. 77, p. 101971, 2020. [16]B. Huat Ver, S. Gorard, «"Effective classroom instructions for primary literacy: A critical review of the causal evidence",» International Journal of Educational Research, vol. 102, p. 101577, 2020. [17] A Smith «Naturaleza y causa de la riqueza de las naciones,» Fondo de Cultura Económica., 1776. [18]G. Kaya Uyanıka, N. Güler, «"A Study on Multiple Linear Regression Analysis",» Procedia - Ciencias sociales y del comportamiento, vol. 106, pp. 234-240, 2013. [19]L. Nathans, F. Oswald , K. Nimon, «Interpreting Multiple Linear Regression: A Guidebook of Variable,» Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, vol. 17, nº 0, pp. 1-19, Abril 2012. [20]M. Tranmer, J. Murphy, M. Elliot and M. Pampaka, «"Multiple Linear Regression (2nd Edition)",» enero 2020. [En línea]. Disponible: https://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/cmist/a. [21]Revista de Ciencias Sociales, «Universidad de Costa Rica,» vol. IV, nº 94, 2001. [22]A. Mehdi Riazi, G. Hessameddin Ghanbar and B. Fazel c, «"The contexts, theoretical and methodological orientation of EAP research: Evidence from empirical articles published in the Journal of English for Academic Purposes",» Journal of English for Academic Purposes, vol. 48, p. 100925, 2020. [23]GAD Virgen De Fatima, «"Plan De Desarrollo Y Ordenamiento Territorial",» virgen de Fatima - Ecuador, 2015. [24]E. Montero Rojas, «Educación e ingreso como predictores de la esperanzade vida: evidencias de un análisis de regresión aplicadoa indicadores de desarrollo humano,» Ciencias Sociales, pp. 51-60, 2001. [25]K. Bennett, M. Foreman, & Ezzati, «Esperanza de vida futura en 35 países industrializados: proyecciones con un conjunto de modelos bayesianos,» The Lancet, vol. 385, nº 10076, pp. 1323-1335, 2017.

La desigualdad como ventaja comparativa: fronteras, asimetrías territoriales y extractivismo agrícola; Apuntes desde el caso de Honduras / Inequality as a Comparative Advantage: Borders, Territorial Asymmetries and Agricultural Extractivism; Notes of the case of Honduras

Al cruce entre estudios migratorios y estudios rurales, el artículo explora las condiciones de la construcción de un terreno fértil para la expulsión migratoria en Centroamérica. Para comprender mejor las situaciones de desigualdades y exclusión que caracterizan actualmente los espacios rurales en la región, propone convocar un análisis histórico y espacial de las múltiples capas de fronteras que atraviesan las sociedades marginalizadas, tanto social como territorialmente, en el caso de Honduras. Se trata de evidenciar que los sistemas productivos globales extractivos y el capitalismo en su fase contemporánea de globalización se basan en procesos de diferenciación, contraste y heterogeneidad en los que se saben apoyar. Se observan en particular las diferentes etapas de reformas agrarias, la expansión del cultivo de palma africana en el litoral norte y las lógicas de dominación y organización social de las cadenas productivas. La contribución se dedica a explorar dos aceptaciones de la noción de frontera —la agrícola y la social—, desde el enfoque de la discontinuidad, las relaciones de poder y las asimetrías territoriales que explican en parte el fenómeno actual de expulsión migratoria en Honduras.Abstract: At the crossroads between migratory studies and rural studies, the article explores the conditions for the construction of a fertile ground for migratory expulsion in Central America. To better understand the situations of inequalities and exclusion that currently characterize rural spaces in the region, it proposes to convene a historical and spatial analysis of the multiple layers of frontiers that cross marginalized societies, both socially and territorially, in the case of Honduras. It is about demonstrating that the global extractive productive systems and capitalism in its contemporary phase of globalization are based on processes of differentiation, contrast and heterogeneity on which they know how to support. The different stages of agrarian reforms, the expansion of the cultivation of African palm in the north coast and the logics of domination and social organization of the productive chains are observed in particular. The contri-bution is dedicated to exploring two acceptances of the notion of frontier —the agricultural and the social— from the perspective of discontinuity, power relations and territorial asymmetries that partly explain the current phenomenon of migratory expulsion in Honduras.Keywords: agricultural extractivism; African palm; frontiers; migration; Honduras.Résumé : À la croisée des études migratoires et des études rurales, l’article explore les conditions de construction d’un terrain propice à l’expulsion migratoire en Amérique centrale. Pour mieux comprendre les situations d’inégalités et d’exclusion qui caractérisent actuellement les espaces ruraux de la région, il propose de convoquer une analyse historique et spatiale des multiples couches de frontières qui traversent les sociétés marginalisées, du point de vue social et territorial, dans le cas du Honduras. Il s’agit de démontrer que les systèmes productifs extractifs mondiaux et le capitalisme dans sa phase contemporaine de mondialisation reposent sur des processus de différenciation, de contraste et d’hétérogénéité sur lesquels ils savent s’appuyer. On observe en particulier les différentes étapes des réformes agraires, l’expansion de la culture de la palme africaine sur la côte nord et les logiques de domination et d’organisation sociale des chaînes productives. La contribution cherche à explorer deux acceptations de la notion de frontière — agricole et sociale —, du point de vue de la discontinuité, des relations de pouvoir et des asymétries territoriales qui expliquent en partie le phénomène actuel d’expulsion migratoire au Honduras.Mots-clés: extractivisme agricole ; palme africaine ; frontières ; migration ; Honduras.

Cultural Landscape Development Integrated with Rural Revitalization: A Case Study of Songkou Ancient Town

As a form of World Heritage, cultural landscapes have evolved linked with production systems and living space and have become an important topic of rural studies worldwide. This paper attempts to examine the development experiences of local revitalization combined with the cultural landscape in Songkou ancient town, China. Firstly, the rural livelihood-based landscape characteristics of mixing natural and man-made environments are the resources of cultural landscape development. Secondly, community action forms the cultural landscape through a spatial identification process involving place, identity, and heritage. Thirdly, “experience grafting” is a coordinated action for industrial development that has allowed the experience of community revitalization in Taiwan to make an effective contribution to the cultural landscape development of Songkou ancient town. The main findings are as follows: (1) The close connection between man and nature is confirmed from the perspective of landscape cognition and provides farmers with a means of earning a living. Hence, agricultural activities meet the principles of sustainable and organic agriculture by using natural resources responsibly. (2) By considering ecological orchards as cultural landscapes, community actions promote a consensus of local values and an effective way of making a livelihood.

An agenda for Australian rural sociology: Troubling the white middle-class farming woman

In reflecting on the last two decades of publications by Australian rural studies scholars in three major disciplinary journals, this article argues that the field of Australian rural sociology has failed to address racial inequality and class difference. While we note a burgeoning of feminist rural research challenging the historical emphasis on the white male farmer, this too has tended to occlude class and race, as is demonstrated in our analysis of the national ‘Invisible Farmer’ project. Accordingly, we point to a need to bring anti-racist work and scholarship to bear on our subdiscipline. In particular, we call for Australian rural studies scholars to engage with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander scholarship to interrogate whiteness as a category of difference and to open a discussion about relinquishing settler power, including in the academy. We emphasise the need for actions to understand and challenge the continuing dominance and privilege of whiteness and the fundamentally classed colonial project in Australian rural studies.

Between Microhistory, Demography, and Rural Studies: The Settlements and Household of the Inhabitants of Kražiai and Užventis Parishes in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

The article deals with the relation between the settlement and household of inhabitants in the first half of the nineteenth century in Kražiai and Užventis parishes, Samogitia. In the middle of the twentieth century, John Hajnal and Peter Laslett started researching the history of resident households. The researchers formulated theoretical and methodological basics for household analysis and encouraged other history researchers and demographers to undertake similar studies. Researchers who analysed households in Central and Eastern Europe refuted or corrected numerous statements by John Hajnal and Peter Laslett. They found that the most common household in Central and Eastern Europe was the nuclear household, although in many cases it was possible to find extended households. However, there is no clear relationship between the institution and the household. After analysing the aforementioned documents, it was discovered that during the first half of the nineteenth century, the nuclear household dominated the parishes of Kražiai and Užventis. However, the extended family is dominant in the towns of Kolainiai and Pakražantis. The single-person household dominated folwarks and manorial settlements. The relationship between the settlement and the household was significant. Eight types of settlements existed in the parishes of Kražiai and Užventis in the first half of the nineteenth century: the town (miestas, miasto), the township (miestelis, miasteczko, мњстечко), the manor (dvaras, dwór, majątek, имњние), folwark (palivarkas, folwark, фольварк), the manor village (bajorkaimis, okolica, околица), the village (kaimas, wieś, деревня), behind the wall (užusienis, zaścianek, застенок), and the felling (apyrubė, obręb, обруб). The smallest household was in the town of Kražiai, while the biggest household was found in the manor estate in Užventis parish.

Sustainable Geographical Changes in Rural Areas: Key Paths, Orientations and Limits

Rural differentiation processes have formed the backbone of rural studies. Owing to the strength of rural–urban and local–global relationships, the theoretical approaches to rural restructuring in the Anglo-Saxon world and new rurality in Latin America only have a limited capacity to explain contemporary global phenomena of rural spaces. Due to this, transverse theoretical and methodological approaches have emerged to explain social, environmental and spatial (rural) processes. Here, a new approach is proposed called the individual–global field, based on the individual–global binary category to substitute the traditional relevance of the locality–community–globality association This new approach tries to reinvigorate rural geography in a more flexible way, based on minor theory, to adapt to all the phenomena that can occur globally. In any case, various spatial planes are proposed, dominated by specific socioeconomic processes on which the rural individual would move.

Poročila

Pregled znanstvenega, strokovnega in pedagoškega dela prof. Franca Lovrenčaka ob njegovi 80-letnici Ob 550-letnici rojstva kartografa in horografa Pietra Coppa In memoriam Marjan Tkalčič (1949–2020) Vpogled v socialno geografijo Challenges of Tourism Development in Protected Areas of Croatia and Slovenia Routledge International Handbook of Rural Studies Origination. The Geographies of Brands and Branding Brands and Branding Geographies

Backstories: The Kitchen Table Talk Cookbook

Sharing recipes is a form of intimate conversation that nourishes body and soul, family and community. Backstories: The Kitchen Table Talk Cookbook integrates formal scholarship with informal reflections, analyses of recipe books with heirloom recipes, and text with images to emphasize the ways that economics, politics, and personal meaning come together to shape our changing relationships with food. By embracing elements of history, rural studies, and women’s studies, this volume offers a unique perspective by relating food history with social dynamics. It is sure to inspire eclectic dining and conversations. Cynthia C. Prescott is Professor of History at the University of North Dakota and an occasional baker. Her research focuses on portrayals of rural women in cultural memory. Maureen Sherrard Thompson is a Ph.D. candidate at Florida International University. Her dissertation focuses on business, environmental, and gender perspectives associated with the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century seed industry. With contributions by: Linda Ambrose, Samantha K. Ammons, Jenny Barker Devine, Nikki Berg Burin, Lynne Byall Benson, Eli Bosler, Carla Burgos, Joseph Cates, Diana Chen, Myrtle Dougall, Egge, Margaret Thomas Evans, Dee Garceau, Tracey Hanshew, Kathryn Harvey, Mazie Hough, Sarah Kesterson, Marie Kenny, Hannah Peters Jarvis, Katherine Jellison, M. Jensen, Cherisse Jones-Branch, Katie Mayer, Amy L. McKinney, Diane McKenzie, Krista Lynn Minnotte, Elizabeth H. Morris, Sara E. Morris, Mary Murphy, Stephanie Noell, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Virginia Scharff, Rebecca Sharpless, Rachel Snell, Joan Speyer, Pamela Snow Sweetser, Rebecca Shimoni Stoil, Erna van Duren, Audrey Williams, Catharine Anne Wilson, Jean Wilson.