Attosecond light source in material science investigation

The limiting factor to the exploitation of the huge photon flux produced by a third-generation synchrotron light source is very often the detector. Experiments in material science often exploit X-ray diffraction. A fast and efficient detection of diffraction patterns enables dynamic experiments. Monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) can be exploited effectively to build fast and efficient detectors for X-ray diffraction. For its material science beam lines Diamond Light Source is developing and evaluating detectors based on commercial MAPS and MAPS developed for scientific applications. The various projects, target performance and some experimental results are reported in this paper.

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(Research at and operation of the material science x-ray absorption beamline (X-11) at the National Synchrotron Light Source)

10.2172/7237774 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Light Source ◽

Material Science ◽

National Synchrotron Light Source ◽

X Ray ◽

Synchrotron Light ◽

X Ray Absorption

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Research at and operation of the material science x-ray absorption beamline (X-11) at the National synchrotron light source

10.2172/5569082 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

D. Sayers

Keyword(s):

Light Source ◽

Material Science ◽

National Synchrotron Light Source ◽

X Ray ◽

Synchrotron Light ◽

X Ray Absorption

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[Research at and operation of the material science x-ray absorption beamline (X-11) at the National Synchrotron Light Source]. Progress report

10.2172/10168356 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Light Source ◽

Material Science ◽

Progress Report ◽

National Synchrotron Light Source ◽

X Ray ◽

Synchrotron Light ◽

X Ray Absorption

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A Method for Setting the Clearance Angle

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095200 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 388-389

Author(s):

Michael T. Bucek ◽

Howard J. Arnott

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evidence ◽

Light Source ◽

Black Spot ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Clearance Angle ◽

Crude Approximation ◽

Ultrathin Sections

It is believed by the authors, with supporting experimental evidence, that as little as 0.5°, or less, knife clearance angle may be a critical factor in obtaining optimum quality ultrathin sections. The degree increments located on the knife holder provides the investigator with only a crude approximation of the angle at which the holder is set. With the increments displayed on the holder one cannot set the clearance angle precisely and reproducibly. The ability to routinely set this angle precisely and without difficulty would obviously be of great assistance to the operator. A device has been contrived to aid the investigator in precisely setting the clearance angle. This device is relatively simple and is easily constructed. It consists of a light source and an optically flat, front surfaced mirror with a minute black spot in the center. The mirror is affixed to the knife by placing it permanently on top of the knife holder.

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Application of electron holography to material science studies on magnetic domain states of small particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100150976 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 1028-1029

Author(s):

T. Hirayama ◽

Q. Ru ◽

T. Tanji ◽

A. Tonomura

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Material Science ◽

Science Studies ◽

Phase Distribution ◽

Carbon Film ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Electron Holography ◽

Transform Method ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Thin Carbon

The observation of small magnetic materials is one of the most important applications of electron holography to material science, because interferometry by means of electron holography can directly visualize magnetic flux lines in a very small area. To observe magnetic structures by transmission electron microscopy it is important to control the magnetic field applied to the specimen in order to prevent it from changing its magnetic state. The easiest method is tuming off the objective lens current and focusing with the first intermediate lens. The other method is using a low magnetic-field lens, where the specimen is set above the lens gap.Figure 1 shows an interference micrograph of an isolated particle of barium ferrite on a thin carbon film observed from approximately [111]. A hologram of this particle was recorded by the transmission electron microscope, Hitachi HF-2000, equipped with an electron biprism. The phase distribution of the object electron wave was reconstructed digitally by the Fourier transform method and converted to the interference micrograph Fig 1.

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A confocal laser scanning microscope for fluorescence and reflection at video rates

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100152641 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 134-135

Author(s):

P.M. Houpt ◽

A. Draaijer

Keyword(s):

Light Source ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Focal Point ◽

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Point Light Source ◽

Volume Of Interest ◽

Ion Laser ◽

Point Light ◽

Point Detector

In confocal microscopy, the object is scanned by the coinciding focal points (confocal) of a point light source and a point detector both focused on a certain plane in the object. Only light coming from the focal point is detected and, even more important, out-of-focus light is rejected.This makes it possible to slice up optically the ‘volume of interest’ in the object by moving it axially while scanning the focused point light source (X-Y) laterally. The successive confocal sections can be stored in a computer and used to reconstruct the object in a 3D image display.The instrument described is able to scan the object laterally with an Ar ion laser (488 nm) at video rates. The image of one confocal section of an object can be displayed within 40 milliseconds (1000 х 1000 pixels). The time to record the total information within the ‘volume of interest’ normally depends on the number of slices needed to cover it, but rarely exceeds a few seconds.

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Inter-Method Reliability of Pulse Volume Related Measures Derived Using Finger-Photoplethysmography

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 182-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kenta Matsumura ◽

Koichi Shimizu ◽

Peter Rolfe ◽

Masanori Kakimoto ◽

Takehiro Yamakoshi

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Light Source ◽

Direct Current ◽

Resting State ◽

Current Component ◽

Psychophysiological Measures ◽

Pulse Volume ◽

Optical Paths ◽

Sensor Positions

Abstract. Pulse volume (PV) and its related measures, such as modified normalized pulse volume (mNPV), direct-current component (DC), and pulse rate (PR), derived from the finger-photoplethysmogram (FPPG), are useful psychophysiological measures. Although considerable uncertainties exist in finger-photoplethysmography, little is known about the extent of the adverse effects on the measures. In this study, we therefore examined the inter-method reliability of each index across sensor positions and light intensities, which are major disturbance factors of FPPG. From the tips of the index fingers of 12 participants in a resting state, three simultaneous FPPGs having overlapping optical paths were recorded, with their light intensity being changed in three steps. The analysis revealed that the minimum values of three coefficients of Cronbach’s α for ln PV, ln mNPV, ln DC, and PR across positions were .948, .850, .922, and 1.000, respectively, and that those across intensities were .774, .985, .485, and .998, respectively. These findings suggest that ln mNPV and PR can be used for psychophysiological studies irrespective of minor differences in sensor attachment positions and light source intensity, whereas and ln DC can also be used for such studies but under the condition of light intensity being fixed.

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