Assessment of Cereal Quality by Micro-Raman Analysis of the Grain Molecular Composition

The development of confocal Raman microspectroscopy for cereal grain studies has led to breakthroughs in the understanding of the molecular basis of grain texture. The high spatial resolution and the nondestructive nature of the technique are its main assets, enabling more detailed analysis of the microscopic structure of wheat grain and investigation of the role of specific components involved in hardness. Hardness is the most relevant criterion in determining the suitability of wheat grain to be processed into flour. Our findings indicate that the α-helical secondary structure of protein could be associated with hardness.

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Investigation by Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy of the Molecular Factors Responsible for Grain Cohesion in theTriticum aestivum Bread Wheat. Role of the Cell Walls in the Starchy Endosperm

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1006/jcrs.2001.0391 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 191-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

O. Piot ◽

J.-C. Autran ◽

M. Manfait

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Raman Microspectroscopy ◽

Starchy Endosperm ◽

Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy ◽

Confocal Raman

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Spatial Distribution of Protein and Phenolic Constituents in Wheat Grain as Probed by Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1006/jcrs.2000.0314 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 57-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

O. Piot ◽

J.-C. Autran ◽

M. Manfait

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Raman Microspectroscopy ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Phenolic Constituents ◽

Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy ◽

Confocal Raman

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The role of the Na+/H+ exchange system in cardiac cells in relation to the control of the internal Na+ concentration. A molecular basis for the antagonistic effect of ouabain and amiloride on the heart.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(17)47236-x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 259 (14) ◽

pp. 8880-8885 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C Frelin ◽

P Vigne ◽

M Lazdunski

Keyword(s):

Molecular Basis ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Cardiac Cells ◽

Exchange System

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Does the Interaction between Local and Systemic Inflammation Provide a Link from Psychology and Lifestyle to Tissue Health in Musculoskeletal Conditions?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7299

Author(s):

David M. Klyne ◽

Mary F. Barbe ◽

Greg James ◽

Paul W. Hodges

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Local Inflammation ◽

Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽

Tissue Biology ◽

Mind And Body

Musculoskeletal conditions are known to involve biological, psychological, social and, often, lifestyle elements. However, these domains are generally considered in isolation from each other. This siloed approach is unlikely to be adequate to understand the complexity of these conditions and likely explains a major component of the disappointing effects of treatment. This paper presents a hypothesis that aims to provide a foundation to understand the interaction and integration between these domains. We propose a hypothesis that provides a plausible link between psychology and lifestyle factors with tissue level effects (such as connective tissue dysregulation/accumulation) in musculoskeletal conditions that is founded on understanding the molecular basis for interaction between systemic and local inflammation. The hypothesis provides plausible and testable links between mind and body, for which empirical evidence can be found for many aspects. We present this hypothesis from the perspective of connective tissue biology and pathology (fibrosis), the role of inflammation locally (tissue level), and how this inflammation is shaped by systemic inflammation through bidirectional pathways, and various psychological and lifestyle factors via their influence on systemic inflammation. This hypothesis provides a foundation for new consideration of the development and refinement of personalized multidimensional treatments for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions.

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From Capsids to Complexes: Expanding the Role of TRIM5α in the Restriction of Divergent RNA Viruses and Elements

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 446

Author(s):

Kevin M. Rose ◽

Stephanie J. Spada ◽

Rebecca Broeckel ◽

Kristin L. McNally ◽

Vanessa M. Hirsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Human Population ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Arms Race ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Hiv 1

An evolutionary arms race has been ongoing between retroviruses and their primate hosts for millions of years. Within the last century, a zoonotic transmission introduced the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), a retrovirus, to the human population that has claimed the lives of millions of individuals and is still infecting over a million people every year. To counteract retroviruses such as this, primates including humans have evolved an innate immune sensor for the retroviral capsid lattice known as TRIM5α. Although the molecular basis for its ability to restrict retroviruses is debated, it is currently accepted that TRIM5α forms higher-order assemblies around the incoming retroviral capsid that are not only disruptive for the virus lifecycle, but also trigger the activation of an antiviral state. More recently, it was discovered that TRIM5α restriction is broader than previously thought because it restricts not only the human retroelement LINE-1, but also the tick-borne flaviviruses, an emergent group of RNA viruses that have vastly different strategies for replication compared to retroviruses. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of TRIM5α-mediated restriction of retroelements and flaviviruses and how they differ from the more widely known ability of TRIM5α to restrict retroviruses.

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