Characteristic Localization of Neuronatin in Rat Testis, Hair Follicle, Tongue, and Pancreas

Neuronatin ( Nnat) is expressed in the pituitary, pancreas, and other tissues; however, the function of NNAT is still unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that NNAT is localized in the sex-determining region Y-box 2-positive stem/progenitor cells in the developing rat pituitary primordium and is downregulated during differentiation into mature hormone-producing cells. Moreover, NNAT is widely localized in subcellular organelles, excluding the Golgi. Here, we further evaluated NNAT-positive cells and intracellular localization in embryonic and postnatal rat tissues such as the pancreas, tongue, whisker hair follicle, and testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NNAT was localized in undifferentiated cells (i.e., epithelial basal cells and basement cells in the papillae of the tongue and round and elongated spermatids of the testis) as well as in differentiated cells (insulin-positive cells and exocrine cells of the pancreas, taste receptor cells of the fungiform papilla, the inner root sheath of whisker hair follicles, and spermatozoa). In addition, NNAT exhibited novel intracellular localization in acrosomes in the spermatozoa. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is excluded from spermatozoa and sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) is absent from the inner root sheath, these findings suggested that NNAT localization in the ER and its interaction with SERCA2 are cell- or tissue-specific properties.

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Characteristic Localization of Neuronatin in Rat Tissues

10.1101/447169 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Naoko Kanno ◽

Saishu Yoshida ◽

Takako Kato ◽

Yukio Kato

Keyword(s):

Intracellular Localization ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Rat Tissues ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Fungiform Papilla ◽

Differentiated Cells ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Inner Root Sheath ◽

Undifferentiated Cells

SummaryNeuronatin (Nnat) is expressed in the pituitary, pancreas, and other tissues; however, the function of NNAT is still unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that NNAT is localized in the sex determining region Y-box 2-positive stem/progenitor cells in the developing rat pituitary primordium and is downregulated during differentiation into mature hormone-producing cells. Moreover, NNAT is widely localized in subcellular organelles, excluding the Golgi. Here, we further evaluated NNAT expression and intracellular localization in embryonic and postnatal rat tissues such as the pancreas, tongue, whisker hair follicle, and testis. Immunohistochemistry showed that NNAT was localized in undifferentiated cells (i.e., epithelial basal cells and basement cells in the papillae of the tongue and round and elongated spermatids of the testis) as well as in differentiated cells (insulin-positive cells and exocrine cells of the pancreas, taste receptor cells of the fungiform papilla, the inner root sheath of whisker hair follicles, and spermatozoa). Additionally, NNAT showed novel intracellular localization in acrosomes in the spermatozoa. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is excluded from spermatozoa and sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) is absent from the inner root sheath, these findings suggested that NNAT localization in the ER and its interaction with SERCA2 were cell-or tissue-specific properties.

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A Selectable Biomarker in Hair Follicle Cycles – Cathepsins: A Preliminary Study in Murine

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1159/000509943 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jingzhu Bai ◽

Zijian Gong ◽

Qingfang Xu ◽

Haiyan Chen ◽

Qiaoping Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Inner Root Sheath ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Paraffin Method

Background/Objective: Hair cycle is regulated by many biological factors. Cathepsins are involved in various physiological processes in human skin. Here, we investigated the cathepsin expression and distribution changes in follicular growth cycles for better understanding the hair cycles and to explore new intervention measures. Methods: The 24 mice (C57BL/6, female, 7-week old) were selected and removed the back hair via rosin/paraffin method. At Day 8, Day 20, and Day 25, biopsy on post-plucking area was done. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and Q-PCR were used to test the cathepsin B/D/L/E. Results: In anagen, cathepsins (B, D, L, and E) were distributed in the hair follicle matrix, inner hair root sheath, and hair. In catagen, cathepsins were mainly observed in un-apoptosis inner root sheath and outer root sheath. Expression of cathepsins B-mRNA and L-mRNA was decreased from anagen and catagen to telogen. Cathepsin D-mRNA was increased in catagen and then decreased in telogen. Cathepsin E-mRNA was decreased in catagen and slightly increased in telogen. Conclusions: The distribution and expression of cathepsins B, D, L, and E in hair follicle changed with hair growth process which indicated that cathepsins might act as selectable biomarkers of hair cycle in different stages.

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THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE HUMAN HAIR FOLLICLE

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.3.2.223 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 223-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

M. S. C. Birbeck ◽

E. H. Mercer

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Plasma Membranes ◽

Membrane Complex ◽

Outer Sheath ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Inner Root Sheath ◽

Cell Layers ◽

Adhesive Contacts ◽

Similar Complex

1. The three cylinders of cells, each one cell thick, which together constitute the inner root sheath, arise from the peripheral portions of the undifferentiated matrix. These cells, like the hair cuticle, are stabilised by the spread of adhesive contacts between their plasma membranes which occurs in the mid-bulb and upper bulb of the hair follicle. 2. The characteristic intracellular product of all three cell layers is trichohyaline. This substance is formed in the first place as amorphous droplets which subsequently transform into a birefringent form. 3. This transformation, involving the formation of a birefringent product from an amorphous precursor, is in contrast to the formation in the cortex of keratin which originates in a fibrous form. 4. Trichohyaline appears first and transforms first in the cells of Henle which are nearest the outer sheath and the dermal supply vessels. This transformation occurs at the level of the neck of the follicle. Synthesis and transformation in the cells of Huxley and the sheath cuticle lag behind the similar events in the cells of Henle. The transformation does not begin until the lower prekeratinous zone in the Huxley and cuticle cells. 5. The amorpous-fibrous transformation occurs rapidly cell by cell and involves the conversion of all the trichohyaline droplets. In longitudinal sections the birefringent modification can be seen extending from the droplets in both directions parallel to the axis of the hair. In cross-sections the images of the transformed material are difficult to interpret. They may be seen as sections of corrugated sheets (∼100 A thick) or condensed fibrils ∼100 A in width. 6. At the same time that the trichohyaline transforms, the spacing between the cell membranes increases and a dark deposit appears centrally between them. This membrane complex, and the similar complex of the hair cuticle cells described in Part 2, may be specialised formations whose purpose is to hold the hardened cells together.

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The Ultrastructure of the Transition Zone Between Specialized Cells (“Flügelzellen”) of Huxleyʼs Layer of the Inner Root Sheath and Cells of the Outer Root Sheath of the Human Hair Follicle

American Journal of Dermatopathology ◽

10.1097/00000372-199106000-00008 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 264-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gerald E. Piérard ◽

Ole J. Clemmensen ◽

B O HAINAU ◽

Birgitte Hansted

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Transition Zone ◽

Human Hair ◽

Human Hair Follicle ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Inner Root Sheath

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Cytochemistry of Trichohyalin Granules: A Possible Role for Cornification of Inner Root Sheath Cell in the Hair Follicle

The Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/j.1346-8138.1989.tb01228.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 89-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sadao Sugiyama

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Sheath Cell ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Inner Root Sheath

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Generation and analysis of Elf5-LacZ mouse: unique and dynamic expression of Elf5 (ESE-2) in the inner root sheath of cycling hair follicles

Histochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1007/s00418-007-0347-x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 129 (1) ◽

pp. 85-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yeon Sook Choi ◽

Jun Cheng ◽

Julie Segre ◽

Satrajit Sinha

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicles ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Dynamic Expression ◽

Inner Root Sheath

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Communication compartments in hair follicles and their implication in differentiative control

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.114.2.389 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Kam ◽

M.B. Hodgins

Keyword(s):

Lucifer Yellow ◽

Early Stage ◽

Dermal Papilla ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Hair Dye ◽

Hair Bulb ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Junctional Communication ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Inner Root Sheath

Observations on hair follicles presented in this paper show that boundaries to junctional communication are formed between groups of cells following different pathways of differentiation. The patterns of junctional communication in the bulbs of rat vibrissa follicles and human hair follicles were studied by microinjection of the fluorescent tracer dye Lucifer Yellow CH. Dye spread was extensive between undifferentiated cells of the hair bulb matrix but communication boundaries were found between groups of morphologically distinct cells. For example, boundaries to dye spread were observed between undifferentiated matrix cells and cells in the early stage of differentiation into the inner root sheath, between Huxley's and Henle's layers in the early inner root sheath and between cells of the cuticle and cortex of the hair. Dye did not spread between epithelial cells of the hair bulb and mesenchymal cells of the connective tissue sheath or dermal papilla. The patterns of dye spread became more complex (increased boundary formation and subcompartmentation) as differentiation progressed in higher regions of the hair bulb. The observed communication can be related to previous ultrastructural studies by others on the distribution of gap junctions in the wool follicle. These results show that junctional communication, with its consequent intercellular spread of small ions and molecules, is associated with uniformity of expression and behaviour within cell populations and that interruption of communication through the formation of boundaries and communication compartments is temporally and spatially related to the production of subpopulations of cells committed to the expression of different phenotypes.

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