scholarly journals Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis in Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Beata Filipek-Górniok ◽  
Judith Habicher ◽  
Johan Ledin ◽  
Lena Kjellén
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Model System ◽  
Zebrafish Genome ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Maternal Transcript ◽  
Golgi Compartment ◽  
Sulfation Pattern

The biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans occurs in the Golgi compartment of cells and will determine the sulfation pattern of HS chains, which in turn will have a large impact on the biological activity of the proteoglycans. Earlier studies in mice have demonstrated the importance of HS for embryonic development. In this review, the enzymes participating in zebrafish HS biosynthesis, along with a description of enzyme mutants available for functional studies, are presented. The consequences of the zebrafish genome duplication and maternal transcript contribution are briefly discussed as are the possibilities of CRISPR/Cas9 methodologies to use the zebrafish model system for studies of biosynthesis as well as proteoglycan biology.

scholarly journals Discovery of exolytic heparinases and their catalytic mechanism and potential application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingdong Zhang ◽  
Hai-Yan Cao ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
Danrong Lu ◽  
Min Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Structural Study ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Sequential Digestion

AbstractHeparinases (Hepases) are critical tools for the studies of highly heterogeneous heparin (HP)/heparan sulfate (HS). However, exolytic heparinases urgently needed for the sequencing of HP/HS chains remain undiscovered. Herein, a type of exolytic heparinases (exoHepases) is identified from the genomes of different bacteria. These exoHepases share almost no homology with known Hepases and prefer to digest HP rather than HS chains by sequentially releasing unsaturated disaccharides from their reducing ends. The structural study of an exoHepase (BIexoHep) shows that an N-terminal conserved DUF4962 superfamily domain is essential to the enzyme activities of these exoHepases, which is involved in the formation of a unique L-shaped catalytic cavity controlling the sequential digestion of substrates through electrostatic interactions. Further, several HP octasaccharides have been preliminarily sequenced by using BIexoHep. Overall, this study fills the research gap of exoHepases and provides urgently needed tools for the structural and functional studies of HP/HS chains.

Dietary manganese affects the concentration, composition and sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in Sprague-Dawley rat aorta

BioMetals ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Z. Kalea ◽  
Fotini N. Lamari ◽  
Achilleas D. Theocharis ◽  
Dale A. Schuschke ◽  
Nikos K. Karamanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Sulfation Pattern

scholarly journals A Nanoscale Model System for the Human Myelin Sheath

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hoffmann ◽  
David Haselberger ◽  
Tommy Hofmann ◽  
Lisa Müller ◽  
Kevin Janson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Protein ◽  
Model System ◽  
Myelin Proteins ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Lipid Interactions ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Complex Lipid ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Lipid Environment ◽  
First Time

Here, we for the first time establish nanodiscs with the challenging lipid composition of myelin of the peripheral or central nervous systems, respectively (PNS and CNS, both containing >40% cholesterol, which so far has been thought to be detrimental for nanodisc formation).Thus, we prove that more complex lipid model membrane systems are in general accessible through nanodiscs and can study protein-lipid interactions in myelin and factors driving myelin formation or degradation using combinations of myelin proteins in a highly controlled lipid environment resembling myelin’s cytoplasmic leaflet. For the functional studies, initial proof-of-principle experiments using myelin basic protein have been performed. <br>

Toxicogenomic Evaluation Using the Zebrafish Model System

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Horzmann ◽  
Jennifer L. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Zebrafish Model

Ependymal explants from the lateral ventricle of the adult bovine brain: a model system for morphological and functional studies of the ependyma

2000 ◽  
Vol 300 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pérez-Martín ◽  
J.M. Grondona ◽  
M. Cifuentes ◽  
J.M. Pérez-Fígares ◽  
J.A. Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Model System ◽  
Functional Studies

scholarly journals Fishing for gene function – endocrine modelling in the zebrafish

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
I M McGonnell ◽  
R C Fowkes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Function ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Zebrafish Genome ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Vertebrate Development ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Genetic Techniques

The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in scientific research is growing rapidly. It initially became popular as a model of vertebrate development because zebrafish embryos develop rapidly and are transparent. In the past 5 years, the sequencing of the zebrafish genome has increased the profile of zebrafish research even further, expanding into other areas such as pharmacology, cancer research and drug discovery. The use of zebrafish in endocrine research has mainly been confined to the study of the development of endocrine organs. However, it is likely to be a useful model in other areas of endocrinology, as there are a wide variety of both forward and reverse genetic techniques that can be employed in the zebrafish to decipher gene function in disease states. In this review, we compare the endocrine system of the zebrafish to mouse and human, demonstrating that the systems are sufficiently similar for zebrafish to be employed as a model for endocrine research. We subsequently review the repertoire of genetic techniques commonly employed in the zebrafish model to understand gene function in vertebrate development and disease. We anticipate that the use of these techniques will make the zebrafish a prominent model in endocrine research in the coming years.

Quaternary and tertiary aldoxime antidotes for organophosphate exposure in a zebrafish model system

2015 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden R. Schmidt ◽  
Zoran Radić ◽  
Palmer Taylor ◽  
Erica A. Fradinger
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Zebrafish Model
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