scholarly journals How Has the Age-Related Process of Overweight or Obesity Development Changed over Time? Co-ordinated Analyses of Individual Participant Data from Five United Kingdom Birth Cohorts

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e1001828 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Johnson ◽  
Leah Li ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Rebecca Hardy
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Related Process ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

scholarly journals Effects of a High-Protein Diet Including Whole Eggs on Muscle Composition and Indices of Cardiometabolic Health and Systemic Inflammation in Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wright ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
R. Sayer ◽  
Jung Kim ◽  
Wayne Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Muscle Composition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Age-related increases in intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) impair muscle quality, decrease functional capacity, and promote several cardiometabolic and inflammatory disorders. Whether these age-related alterations in muscle composition improve by consuming a high-protein (HP) diet with whole eggs are unclear. This parallel-design, randomized-controlled trial assessed the effects of a 12-week eucaloric HP diet with three whole eggs per day (1.4 g protein kg−1 day−1) versus a normal-protein diet void of eggs (NP, 0.8 g protein kg−1 day−1) on muscle composition (IMAT), cardiometabolic health, and systemic inflammation in older adults with overweight or obesity (12 men and 10 women; age 70 ± 5 years, BMI 31.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2, mean ± SD). No changes in muscle composition were observed over time, independent of protein intake. Total body weight was reduced in both groups (−3.3 ± 1.2%) and lean mass was preserved only with the HP diet. LDL concentration and hip circumference decreased only with the NP diet, while MCP-1 and HsCRP concentrations increased over time in both groups. A HP diet with whole eggs promotes lean mass retention with modest weight loss, but does not positively influence muscle composition, cardiometabolic health or systemic inflammation, compared to a NP diet void of eggs.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Health and Care Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People Aged 50 and Older in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Sources of Individual Participant Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1758-1771
Author(s):  
Dylan Kneale ◽  
James Thomas ◽  
Robert French
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Objectives Modeling the health and care trajectories of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) is essential to identify inequalities and support needs, yet because of the small sample of LGB people in any one survey, current evidence relies on studies that have poor generalizability and low power. This study assesses the magnitude of health inequalities among older LGB people across 10 outcomes, informed by evidence on the health trajectories and distinct LGB history of the United Kingdom. Method A systematic review was conducted of representative data sources on older LGB and heterosexual people’s health and care status in the United Kingdom. Individual Participant Data (IPD) meta-analysis was employed to synthesize data from up to 25 different sources. To account for the intricacies of individual data sets, the analysis employed a two-stage approach where an odds ratio and standard error was calculated for each data set individually, before being meta-analyzed through DerSimonian and Laird random effects models. Results Among men aged 50+, being gay, bisexual, or having another nonheterosexual orientation is associated with an increased risk of reporting long-term illness and health-related limitations. Indicators of mental health also suggest that gay and bisexual men are more likely to report low life satisfaction and to have attempted suicide over their life time. Among women, differences are apparent with regards to self-rated health as well as with engagement with risky health behaviors. Discussion The findings corroborate the minority stress theory, but they also generate new questions for researchers around when and how these inequalities emerge.

scholarly journals Does Pet Ownership in Infancy Lead to Asthma or Allergy at School Age? Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 11 European Birth Cohorts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e43214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen ◽  
Stephanie Roll ◽  
Kai-Håkon Carlsen ◽  
Petter Mowinckel ◽  
Alet H. Wijga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
School Age ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Individual Participant

The Migration-Crime Nexus and the Press in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Alexander A Caviedes
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Press ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Over Time

This article explores the link between migrants and crime as portrayed in the European press. Examining conservative newspapers from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2016, the study situates the press coverage in each individual country within a comparative perspective that contrasts the frequency of the crime narrative to that of other prominent narratives, as well as to that in the other countries. The article also charts the prevalence of this narrative over time, followed by a discussion of which particular aspects of crime are most commonly referenced in each country. The findings suggest that while there has been no steady increase in the coverage of crime and migration, the press securitizes migration by focusing on crime through a shared emphasis on human trafficking and the non-European background of the perpetrators. However, other frames advanced in these newspapers, such as fraud or organized crime, comprise nationally distinctive characteristics.

How do academics assess the results of multiple experiments?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olmo Van den Akker ◽  
Linda Dominguez Alvarez ◽  
Marjan Bakker ◽  
Jelte M. Wicherts ◽  
Marcel A. L. M. van Assen
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Additional Experiment ◽  
Underlying Theory ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Vote Counting

We studied how academics assess the results of a set of four experiments that all test a given theory. We found that participants’ belief in the theory increases with the number of significant results, and that direct replications were considered to be more important than conceptual replications. We found no difference between authors and reviewers in their propensity to submit or recommend to publish sets of results, but we did find that authors are generally more likely to desire an additional experiment. In a preregistered secondary analysis of individual participant data, we examined the heuristics academics use to assess the results of four experiments. Only 6 out of 312 (1.9%) participants we analyzed used the normative method of Bayesian inference, whereas the majority of participants used vote counting approaches that tend to undervalue the evidence for the underlying theory if two or more results are statistically significant.

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