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Author(s):  
Qin Tao ◽  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Fali Li ◽  
Yuan Qiu ◽  
Chanlin Yi ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
О.В. Стукалова

В статье представлены аргументы важнейшей концептуальной позиции социо-когнитивного подхода, которая основа на представлениях о том, что в культуросообразном процессе обучения и воспитания современный человек, сохраняя свою культурную идентичность, имеет и развитые качества адаптивности к самореализации в глобальном мире. Описана и прокомментирована матрица, отражающая особенности освоения ценностей в современном поликультурном пространстве. Определены наиболее значимые аспекты культуросообразного процесса обучения и воспитания в университете, включая формирование комплекса внешних и внутренних условий, определяющих естественную позитивную культурную идентификацию студентов, культуросообразное воспитание студентов, выстраивание структуры образовательного процесса с опорой на поддержку в студентах мотивированного включенного познания, моделирование корпоративной академической культуры и профессионального поведения, расширение гуманитарного ядра содержания образования. The article presents the arguments of the most important conceptual position of the socio-cognitive approach, which is based on the idea that in a culturally consistent process of education and teaching, a modern person, while maintaining cultural identity, also has developed qualities of adaptability to self-realization in the global world. Described and commented on the matrix of mastering the totality of values in the modern multicultural space. The most significant aspects of the culturally related process of teaching and education at the university have been identified, including the complex of external and internal conditions development that determine the natural positive cultural identification of students, culturally related education of students, building the structure of the educational process based on support in students of motivated included cognition, modeling corporate academic culture and professional behavior, expanding the humanitarian core of the content of education.


Dependability ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
B. P. Zelentsov

The exponential distribution of time to event or end of state is popular in the dependability theory. This distribution is characterized by the strength that is a convenient parameter used in mathematical models and calculations. The exponential distribution is used as part of dependability-related process simulation. Examples are given to illustrate the applicability of the exponential distribution. Aim. The aim of the paper is to improve the dependability-related simulation methods when using the exponential distribution of periods of states or times to events. Methods. The assumption of the exponential distribution of time between events can be justified or discarded using methods of the probability theory and/or mathematical statistics or on the basis of personal or engineering experience. It has been experimentally established that the failure flow in an established mode of operation is stationary, ordinary and produces no consequences. Such flow is Poisson and is distinct in the fact that the time between two consecutive failures is distributed exponentially with a constant rate. This exponential distribution is reasonably extended to the distribution of an item’s failure-free time. However, in other cases, the use of exponential distribution is often not duly substantiated. The methodological approach and the respective conclusions are case-based. A number of experience-based cases are given to show the non-applicability of exponential distribution. Discussion. Cases are examined, in which the judgement on the applicability or non-applicability of exponential distribution can be made on the basis of personal experience or the probability theory. However, in case of such events as completion of recovery, duration of scheduled inspection, duration of maintenance, etc., a judgement regarding the applicability of exponential distribution cannot be made in the absence of personal experience associated with such events. The distribution of such durations is to be established using statistical methods. The paper refers to the author’s publications that compare the frequency of equipment inspections with regular and exponentially distributed periods. The calculated values of some indicators are retained, while for some others they are different. There is a two-fold difference between the unavailability values for the above ways of defining the inspection frequency. Findings and conclusions. The proposed improvements to the application of exponential distribution as part of dependability simulation come down to the requirement of clear substantiation of the application of exponential distribution of time between events using methods of the probability theory and mathematical statistics. An unknown random distribution cannot be replaced with an exponential distribution without a valid substantiation. Replacing a random time in a subset of states with a random exponentially distributed time with a constant rate should be done with an error calculation.


Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Xintian Cai ◽  
Chaoyue Ji ◽  
Changkai Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Tian ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
...  

It is essential to develop pattern-related process windows on substrate surface for reducing the dislocation density of wide bandgap semiconductor film growth. For extremely high instantaneous intensity and excellent photon absorption rate, femtosecond lasers are currently being increasingly adopted. However, the mechanism of the femtosecond laser developing pattern-related process windows on the substrate remains to be further revealed. In this paper, a model is established based on the Fokker–Planck equation and the two-temperature model (TTM) equation to simulate the ablation of a sapphire substrate under the action of a femtosecond laser. The transient nonlinear evolutions such as free electron density, absorption coefficient, and electron–lattice temperature are obtained. This paper focuses on simulating the multiphoton absorption of sapphire under femtosecond lasers of different wavelengths. The results show that within the range of 400 to 1030 nm, when the wavelength is large, the number of multiphoton required for ionization is larger, and wider and shallower ablation pits can be obtained. When the wavelength is smaller, the number of multiphoton is smaller, narrower and deeper ablation pits can be obtained. Under the simulation conditions presented in this paper, the minimum ablation pit depth can reach 0.11 μm and the minimum radius can reach 0.6 μm. In the range of 400 to 1030 nm, selecting a laser with a shorter wavelength can achieve pattern-related process windows with a smaller diameter, which is beneficial to increase the density of pattern-related process windows on the substrate surface. The simulation is consistent with existing theories and experimental results, and further reveals the transient nonlinear mechanism of the femtosecond laser developing the pattern-related process windows on the sapphire substrate.


2021 ◽  

Over the last two decades, Routine Dynamics has emerged as an international research community that shares a particular approach to organizational phenomena. At the heart of this approach is an interest in examining the emergence, reproduction, replication and change of routines as recognizable patterns of actions. In contrast to other research communities interested in those phenomena, Routine Dynamics studies are informed by a distinctive set of theories (especially practice theory and related process-informed theories). This Handbook offers both an accessible introduction to core concepts and approaches in Routine Dynamics as well as a comprehensive and authoritative overview of research in different areas of Routine Dynamics. The chapters of this Handbook are structured around four core themes: 1) Theoretical resources for research on the dynamics of routines, 2) Methodological issues in studying the dynamics routines, 3) Themes in Routine Dynamics research and 4) Relation of Routine Dynamics to other communities of thought.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3383
Author(s):  
Rosa Vitanza ◽  
Angelo Cortesi ◽  
Vittorino Gallo ◽  
Maria E. De Arana ◽  
Ioanna A. Vasiliadou

Oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process has been introduced into the treatment line of wastewater in order to upgrade activated sludge processes and to reduce the production of excess sludge. The aim of the present study was to simulate the performance of an OSA pilot plant by implementing the Activated Sludge Model No.2d (ASM2d) into a mathematical modelling software (BioWin). The stepwise calibration, performed both by off-line experiments and software dynamic calibration, was carried out in a heuristic way, adjusting the parameters values that showed a major influence to the effluent and internal concentrations. All the reduction factors introduced into ASM2d to simulate the processes occurring in anoxic and anaerobic conditions were lowered in order to reproduce the concentrations of interest. In addition, the values of parameters of the PAOs (polyphosphate accumulating organisms)-related process (namely qPHA and YPO4) were found lower than those usually adopted. In general, theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from plant’s operation, showing an accurate predictive capacity of the model. Good performance was achieved considering the phosphorus removal related process, while some failures were detected in COD and ammonia simulations.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Dong ◽  
Zhibo Tang ◽  
Hanbao Chen

This paper gives a general overview of relevant studies about oil spill emergency control designs, analyzes and discusses the structure, function and main contents of these designs. Besides, the paper proposes an integrated and practical design of emergency response steps, with related process. Taking the port area of Ma’ao as a case, this paper comprehensively studies the relationship between the time of rescue vessels arriving at the oil spill location and the range of the port that can be covered by these vessels as well as the protection facilities required for the relevant shoreline.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maria Kecskemeti

<p>The current literature about sacred space suggests that it is produced through either substantive definitions of space (the poetics of space) or situational definitions of space (the politics of space). I conducted ethnographic research in the Cook Islands to consider how these two constructions of space interact to produce the sacred space of the Cook Islands Christian Church. I have shown that the production of sacred space can be described through three modes of spatial production: the politics of space, the poetics of space and the performance of space. They are enacted through social practices in an inter-related process. Based on these findings I propose a spatial triad model. I suggest that by moving beyond traditional dichotomous constructions of space such a spatial triad model can contribute to new understandings of how sacred and profane space is produced and reproduced.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maria Kecskemeti

<p>The current literature about sacred space suggests that it is produced through either substantive definitions of space (the poetics of space) or situational definitions of space (the politics of space). I conducted ethnographic research in the Cook Islands to consider how these two constructions of space interact to produce the sacred space of the Cook Islands Christian Church. I have shown that the production of sacred space can be described through three modes of spatial production: the politics of space, the poetics of space and the performance of space. They are enacted through social practices in an inter-related process. Based on these findings I propose a spatial triad model. I suggest that by moving beyond traditional dichotomous constructions of space such a spatial triad model can contribute to new understandings of how sacred and profane space is produced and reproduced.</p>


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