Regional Differences in AIDS and Non-AIDS Related Mortality in HIV-Positive Individuals across Europe and Argentina: The EuroSIDA Study

Background. South Africa (SA) has a high prevalence of HIV infection with almost 11% of the population aged >2 years living with HIV. At the Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, the Neurology Department has seen a steady increase in HIV-related neurology patients.Objective. To evaluate the mortality data of this unit as it relates to HIV infection.Methods. The study was a retrospective analysis of records. Patient mortality statistics for 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012 were analysed regarding cause of death, sex, age and HIV status.Results. During 2006, 85 patients died: 33% were HIV-positive, 13% were HIV-negative and 54% had not tested for HIV. By 2010, these figures were 50%, 22% and 28%, respectively, changing little in 2012 (48%, 28% and 24%, respectively). Causes of death in the HIV-positive group were meningitis in 58% – with tuberculous meningitis the most common aetiology – followed by strokes (14%), space-occupying lesions (8%) and status epilepticus (7%). Among HIV-positive patients aged 20 - 30 years, a larger proportion of young women died than men. In the combined untested and HIV-negative group, strokes accounted for the vast majority of deaths.Conclusion. Neurological complications of HIV remain common in SA and contribute significantly to the overall mortality in our tertiary neurology unit, with TB posing a serious threat. A strong corps of clinical neurologists with training in infective neurology is needed urgently in the coming years to care for this growing number of patients.

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Alcohol-Related Mortality in the WHO European Region: Sex-Specific Trends and Predictions

Alcohol and Alcoholism ◽

10.1093/alcalc/agz063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 593-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nathalie Pruckner ◽

Barbara Hinterbuchinger ◽

Matthäus Fellinger ◽

Daniel König ◽

Thomas Waldhoer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regional Differences ◽

World Health ◽

European Region ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Death Rates ◽

Per Capita ◽

Using Data ◽

Health Organization ◽

Per Capita Consumption ◽

Related Mortality

Abstract Aims Alcohol is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality, especially within the European region. Differences in per capita consumption and drinking patterns are possible reasons for regional differences and diverging trends in alcohol-related health outcomes. Methods Twenty-nine countries within the World Health Organization (WHO) European region were evaluated for trends and predictions in alcohol-related deaths within the last four decades using data available from the WHO Health for All database. Results Between 1979 and 2015, age-standardised death rates due to selected alcohol-related causes decreased significantly for both sexes in all assessed countries of the WHO European region, but regional differences are still pronounced. Assuming a similar trend in the future, the model predicted a further decrease until the year 2030. Conclusion Even though alcohol-related mortality may have decreased within the last decades, the detrimental effects of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence remain a considerable burden of disease within Europe.

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All-cause and liver-related mortality in HIV positive subjects compared to the general population: Differences by HCV co-infection

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/j.jhep.2012.06.010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 743-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Victoria Hernando ◽

Santiago Perez-Cachafeiro ◽

Charlotte Lewden ◽

Juan Gonzalez ◽

Ferran Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Population Differences ◽

Related Mortality

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The role of antiretroviral therapy in the incidence of pancreatitis in HIV-positive individuals in the EuroSIDA study

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0b013e3282f03094 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Colette J Smith ◽

Christian H Olsen ◽

Amanda Mocroft ◽

Jean Paul Viard ◽

Schlomo Staszewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Eurosida Study

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Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology in pediatrics

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 275-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thais Lira Cleto-Yamane ◽

Conrado Lysandro Rodrigues Gomes ◽

Jose Hermogenes Rocco Suassuna ◽

Paulo Koch Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Mesh Term ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Tubular Necrosis ◽

Related Mortality

Abstract We performed a search in the MEDLINE database using the MeSH term: "Acute Kidney Injury", selecting the subtopic "Epidemiology", and applying age and year of publication filters. We also searched for the terms: "acute renal failure" and "epidemiology" "acute tubular necrosis" and "epidemiology" in the title and summary fields with the same filters. In a second search, we searched in the LILACS database, with the terms: "acute renal injury", or "acute renal failure" or "acute kidney injury" and the age filter. All abstracts were evaluated by the authors and the articles considered most relevant, were examined in their entirety. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) -related mortality ranged from 3-63% in the studies included in this review. AKI etiology has marked regional differences, with sepsis being the main cause in developed countries. In developing countries, primary renal diseases and hypovolemia are still a common cause of AKI.

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An audit of the screen-and-treat intervention to reduce cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 count

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v10i1.1779 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Egide Ndayishimiye ◽

Andrew J. Ross

Keyword(s):

Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Laboratory Service ◽

Effective Implementation ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Related Mortality ◽

Overall Mortality

Background: HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CCM) and related mortality may be prevented by the effective implementation of a screen-and-treat intervention. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the screen-and-treat intervention at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Method: This was a descriptive study in which the records of patients seen in 2015 and 2016 with a CD4 count ≤ 100 cell/mm3 were retrieved from National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) records and matched against patients admitted for HIV-associated CCM. Results: A total of 5.1% (190 out of 3702) patients with CD4 count ≤ 100 cell/mm3 were cryptococcal antigen positive (CrAg +ve), of whom 22.6% (43 out of 190) were admitted with CCM. Patients who were CrAg +ve had significantly lower CD4 counts (mean CD4 = 38.9 ± 28.5) when compared to CrAg –ve patients (mean CD4 = 49.9 ± 37.4) with p = 0.0001. Only 2.6% (5 out of 190) of patients were referred for a lumbar puncture (LP) as part of the screen-and-treat intervention, whilst 38 who were CrAg +ve self-presented with CCM. Eighty-eight patients were admitted for suspected CCM: eight because of the screen-and-treat-intervention (none of whom had meningitis based on cerebrospinal fluid results) and 80 of whom self-presented and had confirmed CCM. The overall mortality of patients admitted with CCM was 30% (24 out of 80). Conclusion: The current ad-hoc screen-and-treat intervention was ineffective in detecting patients at risk of developing CCM. Systems need to be put in place to ensure that all CrAg +ve patients have an LP to detect subclinical CCM to improve the outcome for those with HIV-associated CCM.

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