scholarly journals Relatively Recent Evolution of Pelage Coloration in Colobinae: Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Three Closely Related Langur Species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e61659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijin Liu ◽  
Boshi Wang ◽  
Tilo Nadler ◽  
Guangjian Liu ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelage Coloration

scholarly journals Population census and age category character of Stump-tailed macaque, Macaca arctoides, in Northern Peninsular Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
SYAMIL ABD RAHMAN ◽  
MOHD-RIDWAN ABD RAHMAN ◽  
AMSAH MOHD ARIF ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDUL-LATIFF ABU BAKAR ◽  
BADRUL MUNIR MD ZAIN
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Macaca Arctoides ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pelage Coloration ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Syamil AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Amsah MA, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Md-Zain BM. 2019. Population census and age category character of Stump-tailed macaque, Macaca arctoides, in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 20: 2446-2452. Macaca arctoides is reported to be distributed only in the northern part of Malay Peninsula. Intensive scientific observations have never been carried out before on this neglected macaque in the northern range. Thus, in this article, an estimation of population data on the Malaysian stump-tailed macaques that were found in Wang Kelian forest areas in Perlis State Park, Malaysia is presented. Intensive field observations were conducted from Sept 2018 to January 2019 with scanning sampling. The study revealed a total of 171-176 stump-tailed macaques, consisting of 44 (25%) adult males, 28 (16%) adult females, 19-22 (11%) sub-adult males, 16-19 (10%) sub-adult females, 43 (25%) juveniles, and 21-23 (13%) infants. Two main groups were observed, which were the Nomad and the Batat groups. Their ranging areas appear to sometimes overlap each other, while some Nomad members were observed in the Batat group. The age structure can be differentiated through body size and pelage coloration. The stump-tailed macaque populations in Wang Kelian are sensitive to human presence, while their habitat area is threatened by human illegal poaching activities. More conservation efforts are needed to conserve this neglected macaque from local extinction.

scholarly journals Pelage coloration in pinnipeds: functional considerations

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Caro ◽  
Theodore Stankowich ◽  
Sarah L. Mesnick ◽  
Daniel P. Costa ◽  
Karrie Beeman
Keyword(s):  
Pelage Coloration

A new species of Sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from the Choco forest of Ecuador

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2755 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO JARRÍN–V ◽  
THOMAS H. KUNZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineage ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Pelage Coloration

Sturnira perla, the new species described herein, is diagnosed as an independent phylogenetic lineage in hypotheses derived from mitochondrial sequences, and shows acceptable distances in terms of genetic divergence. This description also relies on the statistical interpretation of morphological dissimilarity and overlap, and avoids qualitative judgments of character variation. Overall, this new species is characterized by a spherical skull, noticeable round and robust, with pronouncedly curved zygomatic arches. Statistical evidence that supports the discrimination of other species in Sturnira, based on external characters such as pelage coloration or number of hairs, is absent in the literature. In this sense, the geometry of the skull for this newly described species shows the sharpest morphological boundaries, relative to other closely related and sympatric taxa. This new species is likely endemic to the Choco forest, specially at its southern limits. This is an area known for its high levels of endemism. The magnitude of environmental disruption in the Choco and the potential rarity of this new species may be negatively affecting its probability of survival.

Systematic relationship of parapatric tree squirrel species (Tamiasciurus) in the Pacific Northwest

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2149-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Taxonomic Distance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tree Squirrels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tree Squirrel ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Pelage Coloration

Phenetic analysis of 20 cranial characters was used in an evaluation of the systematics of two Pacific Northwest tree squirrels, Tamiasciurus douglasii and T. hudsonicus. Although these species are predominantly allopatric, there exist at least three zones of sympatry along a parapatric border in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Two populations of supposedly hybrid squirrels have been described, and these were evaluated in relation to allopatric populations of both species from throughout the area. Principal components analysis, clustering of taxonomic distance coefficients, and discriminant analysis showed a strong morphologic distinctness between the two species. These analyses also consistently placed "hybrid" specimens with one species or the other and gave no indication of intergradation. The Pleistocene glacial history of the Pacific Northwest is used to explain the divergence of the two species as well as the formation of the parapatric species border. In addition, postglacial character convergence in pelage coloration and squirrel size in forest areas allowing noncompetitive coexistence is used to explain the apparent hybrids and to account for the disjunct Vancouver Island distribution of T. douglasii-like T. hudsonicus. It is concluded that with the lack of hybridization and the presence of character convergence in zones of sympatry, reproductive isolation between T. douglasii and T. hudsonicus is complete.

scholarly journals Ecocorrelates of pelage coloration in pigs and peccaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Caro ◽  
Caroline Newell ◽  
Theodore Stankowich
Keyword(s):  
Pelage Coloration

Cytogenetic Characterization of Alouatta belzebul with Atypical Pelage Coloration

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida M.C. Lima ◽  
Hector N. Seuanez
Keyword(s):  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
Pelage Coloration

scholarly journals Contrasting coloration in terrestrial mammals

2008 ◽  
Vol 364 (1516) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Caro
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sexual Dichromatism ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Background Matching ◽  
Disruptive Coloration ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Pelage Coloration

Here I survey, collate and synthesize contrasting coloration in 5000 species of terrestrial mammals focusing on black and white pelage. After briefly reviewing alternative functional hypotheses for coloration in mammals, I examine nine colour patterns and combinations on different areas of the body and for each mammalian taxon to try to identify the most likely evolutionary drivers of contrasting coloration. Aposematism and perhaps conspecific signalling are the most consistent explanations for black and white pelage in mammals; background matching may explain white pelage. Evidence for contrasting coloration is being involved in crypsis through pattern blending, disruptive coloration or serving other functions, such as signalling dominance, lures, reducing eye glare or in temperature regulation has barely moved beyond anecdotal stages of investigation. Sexual dichromatism is limited in this taxon and its basis is unclear. Astonishingly, the functional significance of pelage coloration in most large charismatic black and white mammals that were new to science 150 years ago still remains a mystery.

Pelage coloration of breeding crabeater seals Lobodon carcinophaga (Carnivora: Phocidae).

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Shaughnessy ◽  
R. T. Jones ◽  
P. Ensor
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Crabeater Seal ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Crabeater Seals ◽  
Aerial Observation ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Pelage Coloration

Pelage colouration of the crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) which occupies the Antarctic pack-ice zone were studied during on breeding sites in the spring (October- November) of 1985 and and 1987. Colour categories for the dorsum and venter graded from silve-white through silver-gery to dark grey and dark brown. Aerial observation over Enderby Land indicated that the males were usually paler than the females. Females, but not males, were commonly dappled on the trunk.

scholarly journals Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Chinn ◽  
John C. Kilgo ◽  
Mark A. Vukovich ◽  
James C. Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Natal Nest ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Pelage Coloration ◽  
Wild Pig

AbstractUnderstanding factors influencing survival of neonates for wild species is important for successful management, particularly for determining drivers of population dynamics. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are invasive and populations are rapidly increasing in part due to high reproductive capacity. Survival of adults is generally high, however, survival of piglets, and particularly neonates, is largely unknown. We located neonates at the natal nest and quantified survival in relation to individual and maternal biological attributes, and environmental variables. During 2017–2020, we captured 50 neonates from 13 litters and documented 28 mortalities (56%) over six weeks. Survival was positively influenced by pelage coloration, likely as a form of camouflage from predators. Male neonates had higher survival. They were born larger than females, which could be beneficial for thermoregulation and competition for milk. Neonates born to larger sows had lower survival. Sow size was positively correlated with litter size, and this finding may reflect the increased nutritional demands of sustaining large litters, or difficulties in defending more neonates against predators. Neonates born in warmer months had higher survival than those born in cooler months. Neonates are inefficient thermoregulators, thus being born in warmer months could be beneficial for maintaining homeostasis as well as access to more food resources. These are the largest and most complete data for neonate wild pig survival and will inform population models for the development of management strategies to reduce negative impacts of this destructive invasive species on native ecosystems.

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