Distribution of Serotypes, Vaccine Coverage, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Children Living in SAARC Countries: A Systematic Review

Introduction. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis. Invasive pneumococcal disease is a significant medical problem worldwide, particularly in children, due to a huge increase of pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of invasive pneumococcal isolates, as well as to determine whether decreased S. pneumoniae susceptibility to antibiotics was related to a particular serotype. Methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 19 antibiotics was determined in 58 invasive pneumococcal strains that were collected from seven regional centers during the period July 2009 to February 2011 in the National Reference Laboratory for streptococci and pneumococci. Results. The overall nonsusceptibility rate to penicillin was detected in 34% of pneumococcal isolates and to erythromycin in 36%. Higher resistance rates were observed among children than among adults. Penicillin resistance rate was 65% in children versus 22% in adults, while erythromycin nonsusceptibility rate was 47% in children versus 32% in adults. Co-resistance to penicillin and erythromycin was detected in 21% strains, mostly isolated from children. Multiresistance was found in one third of isolates. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, telithromycin and rifampicin, while 23 (40%) isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The most common resistant serotypes were 19F and 14. Conclusion. The study has revealed that penicillin and macrolide resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates is very high in Serbia. This emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring for invasive pneumococcal disease to document the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

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Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Streptococcus Pneumoniae among Pediatric Outpatients at Gondar University Hospital, North West Ethiopia

Pediatrics & Neonatology ◽

10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.03.017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Abate Assefa ◽

Baye Gelaw ◽

Yitayal Shiferaw ◽

Zemene Tigabu

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

University Hospital ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

North West ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gondar University Hospital ◽

North West Ethiopia ◽

Pediatric Outpatients

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Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Kanti Children Hospital in Nepal

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v8i2.3551 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 164-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B Rijal ◽

S Tandukar ◽

R Adhikari ◽

NR Taludhar ◽

PR Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Serious Infections ◽

Serotype 1 ◽

Serotype 5 ◽

Common Serotypes

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and it is a major cause for childhood deaths in Nepal. Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae and perform serotype responsible for pneumococcal disease in Nepal. Materials and methods: All together 3774 children from 2 to 60 months who fulfilled the enrollment criteria for suspect of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis or meningitis were enrolled for etiologic studies of severe illness. During the study period 60 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping were performed. Results: The study showed that 24 (52.17%) isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole, 3 (6.5%) isolates were intermediately resistant to Penicillin but no Penicillin resistant strains were isolated. The 1 (2.17%) isolate was recorded as Erythromycin and Chloramphenicol resistant and only 1 (2.17%) isolate was found intermediately resistant to Cefotaxime. Of the 60 isolates, serotyping result was available only for 46 isolates. The most common serotypes were serotype 1 (27. 65%) followed by serotype 5 (19.14%) and serotype 4 (8. 5%) respectively followed by serotype 39, 23F, 7F, 19B, 12A, 14, 18F, 6B, 32, 16, 19F and 25F. Conclusions: Alarming level of Cotrimoxazole resistance demands revision of pneumonia treatment policy in Nepal and rising tendency of other drug resistance against Streptococcus pneumoniae showed use of these drugs for the treatment of meningitis, pneumonia and other serious infections needs extended research. The common serotype 1, 5 and 4 need to be incorporated in pneumococcal vaccine to immunise children in Nepal. Key words: Antimicrobial susceptibility; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Serotyping; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i2.3551 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 2, Issue 30, 164-168

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