scholarly journals Invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Serbia: Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Gajic ◽  
Vera Mijac ◽  
Lazar Ranin ◽  
Dragana Andjelkovic ◽  
Miroslava Radicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis. Invasive pneumococcal disease is a significant medical problem worldwide, particularly in children, due to a huge increase of pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of invasive pneumococcal isolates, as well as to determine whether decreased S. pneumoniae susceptibility to antibiotics was related to a particular serotype. Methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 19 antibiotics was determined in 58 invasive pneumococcal strains that were collected from seven regional centers during the period July 2009 to February 2011 in the National Reference Laboratory for streptococci and pneumococci. Results. The overall nonsusceptibility rate to penicillin was detected in 34% of pneumococcal isolates and to erythromycin in 36%. Higher resistance rates were observed among children than among adults. Penicillin resistance rate was 65% in children versus 22% in adults, while erythromycin nonsusceptibility rate was 47% in children versus 32% in adults. Co-resistance to penicillin and erythromycin was detected in 21% strains, mostly isolated from children. Multiresistance was found in one third of isolates. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, telithromycin and rifampicin, while 23 (40%) isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The most common resistant serotypes were 19F and 14. Conclusion. The study has revealed that penicillin and macrolide resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates is very high in Serbia. This emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring for invasive pneumococcal disease to document the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Kanti Children Hospital in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Rijal ◽  
S Tandukar ◽  
R Adhikari ◽  
NR Taludhar ◽  
PR Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 5 ◽  
Common Serotypes

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and it is a major cause for childhood deaths in Nepal. Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae and perform serotype responsible for pneumococcal disease in Nepal. Materials and methods: All together 3774 children from 2 to 60 months who fulfilled the enrollment criteria for suspect of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis or meningitis were enrolled for etiologic studies of severe illness. During the study period 60 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping were performed. Results: The study showed that 24 (52.17%) isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole, 3 (6.5%) isolates were intermediately resistant to Penicillin but no Penicillin resistant strains were isolated. The 1 (2.17%) isolate was recorded as Erythromycin and Chloramphenicol resistant and only 1 (2.17%) isolate was found intermediately resistant to Cefotaxime. Of the 60 isolates, serotyping result was available only for 46 isolates. The most common serotypes were serotype 1 (27. 65%) followed by serotype 5 (19.14%) and serotype 4 (8. 5%) respectively followed by serotype 39, 23F, 7F, 19B, 12A, 14, 18F, 6B, 32, 16, 19F and 25F. Conclusions: Alarming level of Cotrimoxazole resistance demands revision of pneumonia treatment policy in Nepal and rising tendency of other drug resistance against Streptococcus pneumoniae showed use of these drugs for the treatment of meningitis, pneumonia and other serious infections needs extended research. The common serotype 1, 5 and 4 need to be incorporated in pneumococcal vaccine to immunise children in Nepal. Key words: Antimicrobial susceptibility; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Serotyping; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i2.3551 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 2, Issue 30, 164-168

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogens in Patients with the Community- and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Somalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Farah Yusuf Mohamud ◽  
Hussein Ali Mohamud
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in the community and in hospitalized patients. Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens and determine the appropriate empirical antibiotics to treat UTIs in the community and hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 2,485 urine cultures were performed at Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital. Through the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and commercial disks, antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance were studied based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) system using Mueller-Hinton agar. The identification of the microorganisms was done using eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar. Results: Escherichia coli was the most predominant pathogen (63.4%) in all age groups, both genders, and in the community and hospital-acquired UTIs, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (13.3%). Ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, cefuroxime, and cefixime revealed the highest resistance level (82-100%) against uropathogens. Ciprofloxacin (67.7%) and levofloxacin (54.2%) showed increasing resistance rates against uropathogens. Tigecycline, colimycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin exhibited the most powerful sensitivity rate (100%). Moreover, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin manifested a significant sensitivity rate ranging from 86% - 95%. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent pathogen that belonged to multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant patterns in 69.1% of the samples. Escherichia coli and K. pneumonia showed similar multidrug-resistant patterns in 35.2% of the cases. Conclusions: The results indicated increased trends of antimicrobial resistance rate in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (85.1%) and fluoroquinolones (61%) against E. coli that was higher than the recommended local resistance rate for empirical therapy (< 20% and < 10%, respectively). According to the results, using fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin are suggested for UTI empiric treatment, and other antibiotics should be prescribed carefully.

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