scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing and Development of Genetic Markers for the Detection of DNA of Invasive Bighead and Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and H. molitrix) in Environmental Water Samples from the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e0117803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Farrington ◽  
Christine E. Edwards ◽  
Xin Guan ◽  
Matthew R. Carr ◽  
Kelly Baerwaldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis

scholarly journals Real-Time PCR for Detection and Quantification of the Protistan Parasite Perkinsus marinus in Environmental Waters

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6611-6618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Audemard ◽  
Kimberly S. Reece ◽  
Eugene M. Burreson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Perkinsus Marinus ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Dna Recovery

ABSTRACT The protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus is a severe pathogen of the oyster Crassostrea virginica along the east coast of the United States. Very few data have been collected, however, on the abundance of the parasite in environmental waters, limiting our understanding of P. marinus transmission dynamics. Real-time PCR assays with SybrGreen I as a label for detection were developed in this study for quantification of P. marinus in environmental waters with P. marinus species-specific primers and of Perkinsus spp. with Perkinsus genus-specific primers. Detection of DNA concentrations as low as the equivalent of 3.3 � 10−2 cell per 10-μl reaction mixture was obtained by targeting the multicopy internal transcribed spacer region of the genome. To obtain reliable target quantification from environmental water samples, removal of PCR inhibitors and efficient DNA recovery were two major concerns. A DNA extraction kit designed for tissues and another designed for stool samples were tested on environmental and artificial seawater (ASW) samples spiked with P. marinus cultured cells. The stool kit was significantly more efficient than the tissue kit at removing inhibitors from environmental water samples. With the stool kit, no significant difference in the quantified target concentrations was observed between the environmental and ASW samples. However, with the spiked ASW samples, the tissue kit demonstrated more efficient DNA recovery. Finally, by performing three elutions of DNA from the spin columns, which were combined prior to target quantification, variability of DNA recovery from different samples was minimized and more reliable real-time PCR quantification was accomplished.

Invasive Asian Carps in North America

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis ◽  
Asian Carps

<em>Abstract</em>.—In the United States, a variety of outreach has been done on bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis </em>and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>by a number of organizations and institutions. Because many of these outreach efforts were localized, nonlocalized entities often are unaware of them. Many of the entities conducting outreach, too, do not have a systematic bighead and silver carp (BSC) outreach plan and thus their efforts may not be as efficient or effective as possible. To address these issues, we surveyed organizations in areas where BSC have been found and compiled the reported BSC outreach activities. We then created a comprehensive outreach plan as a template for those conducting BSC outreach and compared it to existing efforts. In this comparison, we found that (1) targeted audiences could be more narrowly focused, (2) easily accessible tools could be more fully utilized, and (3) systematic evaluations need to be conducted to ensure that outreach efforts are being effective. We hope that this compilation and the comprehensive outreach plan will help improve the collective future BSC outreach, making it more efficient and effective.

Improving Mycobacterium spp. detection in water: a new methodological proposal

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
R. Santos ◽  
S. Gonçalves ◽  
F. Macieira ◽  
F. Oliveira ◽  
R. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Detection Time ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Enrichment Step ◽  
Mycobacterium Spp

In recent years, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), once considered merely environmental saprophytes, have emerged as a major cause of opportunistic infections. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission but they have been found in several environmental water samples. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to develop methods of rapidly and accurately detecting non-tuberculous mycobacteria in water samples. To obtain a maximum recovery rate and a reduction of Mycobacterium spp. detection time in water samples, different decontamination, enrichment procedures and antibiotics supplements were tested before the inoculation into the Bactec® system. The proposed method of sample treatment (decrease in the decontamination time, followed for a peptone pre-enrichment step and an aztreonam and cefepime supplement) before the inoculation into the Bactec® system proved to be a good option for reliable and fast detection of Mycobacterium spp. in water samples.

The Occurrence of Male-Specific and Somatic Bacteriophages in Polluted South African Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kfir ◽  
P. Coubrough ◽  
W. O. K. Grabow
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Male Specific

The occurrence of somatic (F') and male-specific (F') coliphages and Salmonella phages in a variety of environmental water samples was studied using different bacterial hosts. The number of plaque-forming units (pfu) of the different bacteriophages were compared and their resistance pattern to a biological treatment (humus tank) and chlorination was evaluated. The presence of the bacteriophages in shellfish was also studied. The morphology of isolate bacteriophages was examined as well as the visibility of the different plaques formed. Coliphages were found to produce larger and clearer plaques than all other bacteriophages studied. In most of the environmental water samples coliphages outnumbered all other bacteriophages, with the exception of dam water in which higher levels of F' Salmonella phages were detected. The majority of the F' Salmonella phages were shown to be RNA bacteriophages.

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