Ocean Acidification Effects on Atlantic Cod Larval Survival and Recruitment to the Fished Population

AbstractThe Arctic may be particularly vulnerable to the consequences of both ocean acidification (OA) and global warming, given the faster pace of these processes in comparison with global average speeds. Here, we use the Atlantis ecosystem model to assess how the trophic network of marine fishes and invertebrates in the Icelandic waters is responding to the combined pressures of OA and warming. We develop an approach where we first identify species by their economic (catch value), social (number of participants in fisheries), or ecological (keystone species) importance. We then use literature-determined ranges of sensitivity to OA and warming for different species and functional groups in the Icelandic waters to parametrize model runs for different scenarios of warming and OA. We found divergent species responses to warming and acidification levels; (mainly) planktonic groups and forage fish benefited while (mainly) benthic groups and predatory fish decreased under warming and acidification scenarios. Assuming conservative harvest rates for the largest catch-value species, Atlantic cod, we see that the population is projected to remain stable under even the harshest acidification and warming scenario. Further, for the scenarios where the model projects reductions in biomass of Atlantic cod, other species in the ecosystem increase, likely due to a reduction in competition and predation. These results highlight the interdependencies of multiple global change drivers and their cascading effects on trophic organization, and the continued high abundance of an important species from a socio-economic perspective in the Icelandic fisheries.

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Exposure of Nassarius reticulatus veligers in 24-well plates to assess effects of ocean acidification and warming projections on larval survival and behavior

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/conf.fmars.2018.06.00158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Isabel Oliveira ◽

Filipe Laranjeiro ◽

Joana Fonseca ◽

Daniela Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ocean Acidification ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Nassarius Reticulatus ◽

And Behavior

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The influence of maternal effects in larval survival on fishery harvest reference points for two life-history patterns

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2013-0253 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 151-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Paul D. Spencer ◽

Sarah B.M. Kraak ◽

Edward A. Trippel

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Reference Points ◽

Life History Pattern ◽

Gadus Macrocephalus ◽

Potential Interactions

Increased larval viability with increased spawner age (i.e., maternal effects) have been observed in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.) stocks. Analytical results from a Beverton–Holt recruitment model indicate density-independent maternal effects affected the relative stock productivity and fishing rate reference points. We simulated populations based on Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) to explore how estimates of reference points Fmsy and Fcrash are affected by maternal effects and potential interactions with life-history pattern, recruitment autocorrelation, and exploitation rate. Estimates of Fmsy and Fcrash were made from populations with maternal effects using either total larvae (proportional to eggs) or viable larvae (incorporating the maternal effect). Maternal effects have the largest impact upon estimated population productivity at high fishing rates. Estimates of Fmsy and Fcrash for cod were also affected by autocorrelated recruitment variability because of their reduced longevity compared with Pacific ocean perch. These results suggest the importance of evaluating the influence of maternal effects on estimated stock productivity on a case-by-case basis, particularly for depleted stocks composed of relatively young spawners.

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Mitochondrial acclimation potential to ocean acidification and warming of Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Frontiers in Zoology ◽

10.1186/s12983-017-0205-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Elettra Leo ◽

Kristina L. Kunz ◽

Matthias Schmidt ◽

Daniela Storch ◽

Hans-O. Pörtner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ocean Acidification ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Polar Cod ◽

Boreogadus Saida ◽

Polar Cod Boreogadus Saida ◽

Acclimation Potential

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New encounters in Arctic waters: a comparison of metabolism and performance of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) under ocean acidification and warming

Polar Biology ◽

10.1007/s00300-016-1932-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1137-1153 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kristina Lore Kunz ◽

Stephan Frickenhaus ◽

Silvia Hardenberg ◽

Torild Johansen ◽

Elettra Leo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ocean Acidification ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Polar Cod ◽

Boreogadus Saida ◽

Polar Cod Boreogadus Saida ◽

And Performance

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Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO2 on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10695-021-01016-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Clara Coll-Lladó ◽

Felix Mittermayer ◽

Paul Brian Webb ◽

Nicola Allison ◽

Catriona Clemmesen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

High Pco2 ◽

Juvenile Stages ◽

Calcium Carbonate Deposition ◽

Present Pilot Study

AbstractTo date the study of ocean acidification on fish otolith formation has been mainly focused on larval and juvenile stages. In the present pilot study, wild-captured adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to two different levels of pCO2, 422µatm (ambient, low pCO2) or 1091µatm (high pCO2), for a period of 30 weeks (from mid-October to early April 2014–2015) in order to study the effects on otolith size, shape and CaCO3 crystallization amongst other biological parameters. We found that otoliths from cod exposed to high pCO2 were slightly smaller (− 3.4% in length; − 3.3% in perimeter), rounder (− 2.9% circularity and + 4% roundness) but heavier (+ 5%) than the low pCO2 group. Interestingly, there were different effects in males and females; for instance, male cods exposed to high pCO2 exhibited significant changes in circularity (− 3%) and roundness (+ 4%) compared to the low pCO2 males, but without significant changes on otolith dimensions, while females exposed to high pCO2 had smaller otoliths as shown for length (− 5.6%), width (− 2%), perimeter (− 3.5%) and area (− 4.8%). Furthermore, while the majority of the otoliths analysed showed normal aragonite deposition, 10% of fish exposed to 1091µatm of pCO2 had an abnormal accretion of calcite, suggesting a shift on calcium carbonate polymorph crystallization in some individuals under high pCO2 conditions. Our preliminary results indicate that high levels of pCO2 in adult Atlantic cod might affect otolith growth in a gender-specific way. Our findings reveal that otoliths from adult cod are affected by ocean acidification, and we believe that the present study will prompt further research into this currently under-explored area.

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