Developmental time course and effects of immunostressors that alter hormone-responsive behavior on microglia in the peripubertal and adult female mouse brain

A system based in part on three-dimensional structural relationships is described for precisely characterizing the location of cells within secretory complexes of the adult female mouse submandibular gland. The pattern of DNA synthesis during a 90-minute pulse with 3H-thymidine was characterized based upon the above system. Seventy-eight percent of all radiolabeled nuclei were found in the intercalated duct system. One-half of these were in second-order intercalated ducts. DNA synthesis was also observed in acinar cells, granular intercalated duct cells, striated granular duct cells, and granular duct cells. Some secretory complexes contained multiple radiolabeled nuclei, with some of these nuclei in a side-by-side configuration. Approximately one-half of all secretory complexes contained radiolabeled nuclei. A second survey of the frequency of complexes containing radiolabeled nuclei was conducted following four pulses at eight-hour intervals over a 26-hour period. Only about 30% of all complexes contained radiolabeled nuclei. This reduction in the frequency of radiolabeled nuclei when compared with the single pulse suggests the possibility of individual variation. However, a more prolonged period of daily injections for nine days with 3H-thymidine resulted in all but one of the secretory complexes containing radiolabeled nuclei. This latter observation suggests that cell addition in adult submandibular glands is widespread.

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Broad and Region-Specific Impacts of the Synthetic Cannabinoid CP 55,940 in Adolescent and Adult Female Mouse Brains

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnmol.2018.00436 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emma Leishman ◽

Michelle N. Murphy ◽

Michelle I. Murphy ◽

Ken Mackie ◽

Heather B. Bradshaw

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Female Mouse ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽

Cp 55,940

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Hippocampal synaptogenesis in cell culture: developmental time course of synapse formation, calcium influx, and synaptic protein distribution

Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1523/jneurosci.14-11-06402.1994 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 6402-6411 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

TA Basarsky ◽

V Parpura ◽

PG Haydon

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Time Course ◽

Synapse Formation ◽

Calcium Influx ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Synaptic Protein ◽

Protein Distribution ◽

Hippocampal Synaptogenesis

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Inhibition of mTOR during a postnatal critical sensitive window rescues deficits in GABAergic PV cell connectivity and social behavior caused by loss of TSC1

10.1101/2020.03.29.014563 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mayukh Choudhury ◽

Clara A. Amegandjin ◽

Vidya Jadhav ◽

Josianne Nunes Carriço ◽

Ariane Quintal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Time Course ◽

Cell Types ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Mtorc1 Signaling ◽

Pv Cell ◽

Mechanistic Basis

ABSTRACTMutations in regulators of the Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1), such as Tsc1/2, lead to neurodevelopmental disorders associated with autism, intellectual disabilities and epilepsy. Whereas the effects of mTORC1 signaling dysfunction within diverse cell types are likely critical for the onset of the diverse neurological symptoms associated with mutations in mTORC1 regulators, they are not well understood. In particular, the effects of mTORC1 dys-regulation in specific types of inhibitory interneurons are unclear.Here, we showed that Tsc1 haploinsufficiency in parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic interneurons either in cortical organotypic cultures or in vivo caused a premature increase in their perisomatic innervations, followed by a striking loss in adult mice. This effects were accompanied by alterations of AMPK-dependent autophagy in pre-adolescent but not adult mice. PV cell-restricted Tsc1 mutant mice showed deficits in social behavior. Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin restricted to the third postnatal week was sufficient to permanently rescue deficits in both PV cell innervation and social behavior in adult conditional haploinsufficient mice. All together, these findings identify a novel role of Tsc1-mTORC1 signaling in the regulation of the developmental time course and maintenance of cortical PV cell connectivity and provide a mechanistic basis for the targeted rescue of autism-related behaviors in disorders associated with deregulated mTORC1 signaling.

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Emergence of neuronal diversity during vertebrate brain development

10.1101/839860 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bushra Raj ◽

Jeffrey A. Farrell ◽

Aaron McKenna ◽

Jessica L. Leslie ◽

Alexander F. Schier

Keyword(s):

Brain Development ◽

Single Cell ◽

Time Course ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Cell Types ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Neural Progenitors ◽

Neuronal Diversity ◽

Gene Markers ◽

Vertebrate Brain

ABSTRACTNeurogenesis in the vertebrate brain comprises many steps ranging from the proliferation of progenitors to the differentiation and maturation of neurons. Although these processes are highly regulated, the landscape of transcriptional changes and progenitor identities underlying brain development are poorly characterized. Here, we describe the first developmental single-cell RNA-seq catalog of more than 200,000 zebrafish brain cells encompassing 12 stages from 12 hours post-fertilization to 15 days post-fertilization. We characterize known and novel gene markers for more than 800 clusters across these timepoints. Our results capture the temporal dynamics of multiple neurogenic waves from embryo to larva that expand neuronal diversity from ∼20 cell types at 12 hpf to ∼100 cell types at 15 dpf. We find that most embryonic neural progenitor states are transient and transcriptionally distinct from long-lasting neural progenitors of post-embryonic stages. Furthermore, we reconstruct cell specification trajectories for the retina and hypothalamus, and identify gene expression cascades and novel markers. Our analysis reveal that late-stage retinal neural progenitors transcriptionally overlap cell states observed in the embryo, while hypothalamic neural progenitors become progressively distinct with developmental time. These data provide the first comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic time course for vertebrate brain development and suggest distinct neurogenic regulatory paradigms between different stages and tissues.

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