Sequential effects in preference decision: Prior preference assimilates current preference

Effect systems are lightweight extensions to type systems that can verify a wide range of important properties with modest developer burden. But our general understanding of effect systems is limited primarily to systems where the order of effects is irrelevant. Understanding such systems in terms of a semilattice of effects grounds understanding of the essential issues and provides guidance when designing new effect systems. By contrast, sequential effect systems—where the order of effects is important—lack an established algebraic structure on effects. We present an abstract polymorphic effect system parameterized by an effect quantale—an algebraic structure with well-defined properties that can model the effects of a range of existing sequential effect systems. We define effect quantales, derive useful properties, and show how they cleanly model a variety of known sequential effect systems. We show that for most effect quantales, there is an induced notion of iterating a sequential effect; that for systems we consider the derived iteration agrees with the manually designed iteration operators in prior work; and that this induced notion of iteration is as precise as possible when defined. We also position effect quantales with respect to work on categorical semantics for sequential effect systems, clarifying the distinctions between these systems and our own in the course of giving a thorough survey of these frameworks. Our derived iteration construct should generalize to these semantic structures, addressing limitations of that work. Finally, we consider the relationship between sequential effects and Kleene Algebras, where the latter may be used as instances of the former.

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Sequential effects on latency and other indices in free operant discriminated avoidance

Psychonomic Science ◽

10.3758/bf03335994 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 38-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arnold Hyman

Keyword(s):

Sequential Effects ◽

Free Operant

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Hemodynamic, renal, and endocrine actions of ANF in sheep: effect of 24-h, low-dose infusions

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.5.r1279 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 258 (5) ◽

pp. R1279-R1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. J. Charles ◽

E. A. Espiner ◽

V. A. Cameron ◽

A. M. Richards

Keyword(s):

Plasma Volume ◽

Low Dose ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Sequential Effects ◽

Hormonal Function ◽

Sustained Effects ◽

Dose Infusion ◽

Small Increments

The integrative and sustained effects of small increments in atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal function are still unclear. Accordingly, we have studied the sequential effects of 24-h, low-dose infusion (2.4 pmol.kg-1.min-1) of rat Ile-ANF or vehicle alone (control) in six normal sheep receiving a constant sodium intake. Compared with control observations, ANF infusions induced a threefold rise in venous plasma ANF and a sustained twofold rise in plasma guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. Systolic arterial and right atrial pressures fell promptly and remained significantly reduced for the duration of the ANF infusions. These changes were associated with a sustained fall in plasma volume but no activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In contrast to the other actions, ANF-induced natriuresis, which was significant in the first 8 h of infusion, was not sustained. These studies show that significant biological effects occur in response to small ANF increments (20-25 pmol/l) and indicate that hemodynamic factors, especially fall in plasma volume, are important in determining the renal response even at near-normal plasma ANF concentrations.

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Sequential choice effects predict prevalence-induced concept change

10.31234/osf.io/75bpy ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert C Wilson

Keyword(s):

Color Perception ◽

Ethical Judgment ◽

Threat Assessment ◽

Sequential Choice ◽

Sequential Effects ◽

Concept Change ◽

Definition Of

Prevalence-induced concept change is the process by which the definition of a concept can shift as the prevalence of that concept changes. In a series of beautiful experiments, Levari and colleagues (2018) demonstrated that prevalence-induced concept change occurs across a range of situations, from color perception to threat assessment to ethical judgment. Here we show that in all of these cases the extent of prevalence-induced concept change is accounted for by sequential effects in which previous stimuli and responses bias the upcoming categorization. Crucially, these sequential effects are always active, even when the prevalence is does not change. Thus, by modeling these effects, we were able to predict the magnitude of prevalence-induced concept change based on participants’ behavior when the prevalence is fixed. This suggests that sequential effects are the mechanism by which prevalence-induced concept change occurs.

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