Generation Z Young People’s Perception of Sexist Female Stereotypes about the Product Advertising in the Food Industry: Influence on Their Purchase Intention

Previous studies have generated important insights into consumer behavior. However, no study has addressed how to persuade young people belonging to Generation Z to increase the purchase intention of food products from a gender perspective. Drawing on ambivalent sexism theory, this paper explores the influence of the attitude toward advertising and the ethical judgment to predict consumers’ food product purchase intention. We applied a quantitative method, partial least squares structural equation modeling, to 105 individuals. Two advertisements with different food products and female role stereotype categories are using: (1) women in a traditional role or housewife’s role (benevolent sexism), and (2) women in a decorative role or physical attractiveness (hostile). However, the results show that attitude toward advertising has a direct and positive influence on purchase intention in advertisement with benevolent sexism. In addition, the effect of ethical judgment on consumers’ food product purchase intention is not significant. In the advertisement with hostile sexism, both—attitude toward advertising and ethical judgment—directly and positively impact purchase intention. The study provides a novelty conceptual model in the food industry for Generation Z and recommendations on the use of female sexist stereotypes in food and beverage advertising.

Aspirational Ethics as a Contributing Factor in Engineering Students’ Ethical Awareness and Behavior

As ethical behavior is a part of engineers' professional identity and practice, developing ethical behavior skills in future engineers is a vital component of the engineering curriculum. There are already established instructional methods to teach engineering ethics (EE), however, it is concentrated on ethical awareness, and little attention has been given to how this will affect the ethical behavior. Even though students are capable of exercising ethical judgment, it does not mean that they are ethically literate or likely to act ethically. The assessment of engineering ethics cannot be conducted based on ethical judgment, because the ethical awareness of some engineers has not translated into ethical behavior. An alternative instructional method for measuring the ethical behavior is required to see how the ethical awareness given in the classroom setting is translated to the actual ethical behavior. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to propose an instructional method that correlates with both ethical awareness and ethical behavior, through aspirational ethics which require the students to contribute to the society. This method integrates the theory of morals and values, ethical and unethical conduct, code of practices of an engineer, ethics with the environment, and the responsibility of the engineer for the safety of everybody. Students’ ethical behavior in the society will be demonstrated through the University Social Responsibility (USR) projects. From these projects, the students’ ethical behavior is assessed by their peers, beneficiaries that they are serving, as well as by the educators, regarding their ethical conduct. This will be the tools to observe the degree of correlations between the ethical awareness instilled and behavior manifested. Applying these instructional methods will allow educators to build confidence and trust in their students' ability to build a professional identity and be prepared for the engineering profession and practice.

How to maximize the effectiveness of stealing thunder in crisis communication: the significance of follow-up actions and transparent communication

PurposeThis study aims to explore consumers' perceptions of stealing thunder and to investigate significant factors for maximizing its effect.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a mixed-methods approach. First, qualitative responses from 286 Korean participants were collected and analyzed (Study 1). Second, the experiment employed a randomized 2 (crisis communication timing: stealing thunder vs thunder) × 2 (transparent vs nontransparent communication) × 2 (follow-up actions: good vs poor) between-subjects experimental design with 426 Korean participants to investigate and confirm the results of Study 1.FindingsQualitative data showed that the participants' evaluation of corporations' stealing thunder strategy is complicated. Some do not perceive corporate use of stealing thunder at face value, but rather view it as yet another hopeless, selfish and irresponsible crisis communication strategy, distrusting it based on strong cynicism toward all corporations. An experiment confirmed that stealing thunder was significantly more effective in eliciting consumers' ethical judgment (EJ) and word-of-mouth (WOM) on corporations than the thunder strategy. Significant two-way interaction effects between crisis timing and follow-up actions showed that the stealing thunder strategy should be accompanied by follow-up actions to increase consumers' credibility and WOM intentions.Originality/valueThis study investigated how consumers evaluate stealing thunder by adopting both a qualitative and quantitative approach to explore how they make meaning out of this phenomenon.

Algorithmic Administrative Justice

At the same time that artificial intelligence and machine learning systems are deployed with increasing frequency and success in the private sector, governments around the world are increasingly looking to harness the power of these digital tools to improve a variety of governmental functions, including sorting mail, identifying hazardous chemicals, uncovering securities and tax fraud, and improving traffic flow in congested cities. With time, algorithms will play a much larger role in assisting—or even replacing—humans involved in governmental tasks. This article assesses the range of legal, ethical, and policy concerns implicated by governmental use of algorithmic tools. Although machine-learning algorithms and other automated tools present important challenges for government related to accountability, procedural justice, transparency, privacy, and equality, the issues presented are not qualitatively distinct from the government’s use of other complex analytic tools. Ultimately, existing legal principles should prove to be no intrinsic or insurmountable obstacle to the responsible deployment of artificial intelligence. Yet to help ensure that artificial intelligence is used responsibly, public administrators, elected officials, and concerned citizens must remain vigilant in their use of such digital tools and see that machine-learning systems are ultimately deployed by governments in a manner consistent with both sound ethical judgment and sufficient empathy for those affected by these systems.

STUDENT'S ETHICAL JUDGMENT TOWARDS ACCOUNTING FRAUD: DOES FORENSIC ACCOUNTING COURSE MATTER?

Abstrak: Penilaian Etis Mahasiswa Terhadap Kecurangan Akuntansi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mata kuliah akuntansi (audit) forensik, status sosial ekonomi, kinerja akademik, dan jenis kelamin pada penilaian etis mahasiswa tentang kecurangan akuntansi. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa akuntansi aktif angkatan tahun 2014-2016 di Fakultas Bisnis dan Ekonomi Universitas Islam Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari sampel sebanyak 120 responden yang dikumpulkan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Studi ini menemukan bahwa mata kuliah akuntansi forensik (audit), status sosial ekonomi, dan kinerja akademik memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penilaian etis mahasiswa tentang kecurangan akuntansi. Sebaliknya, jenis kelamin tidak mempengaruhi penilaian etis mahasiswa tentang kecurangan akuntansi. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan pencerahan bahwa mata kuliah akuntansi forensik memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam memperbaiki pertimbangan etis mahasiswa terhadap kecurangan akuntansi. Selain itu, mahasiswa dengan kemampuan akademik yang tinggi dan tingat sosial ekonomi yang tinggi cenderung memiliki pertimbangan etika yang lebih baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan bernalar yang baik dan rasional serta kecukupan ekonomi dapat menurunkan kecurangan akuntansi. Kata kunci: mata kuliah akuntansi forensik, status sosial ekonomi, kinerja akademis, jenis kelamin, penilaian etis, kecurangan akuntansi Abstract: Student's Ethical Judgment Towards Accounting Fraud. This study aims to determine whether forensic accounting (audit) courses, socioeconomic status, academic performance, and gender affect students' ethical judgments concerning accounting frauds. This study's population was all active accounting students from 2014-2016 at the Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia. This study uses the purposive sampling method and collects the data from 120 respondents. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. This study found that forensic accounting (audit) courses, socioeconomic status, and academic performance positively and significantly influence students' ethical judgments concerning accounting fraud. In contrast, gender did not affect the students' ethical judgments concerning accounting frauds. The results of this study provide insight that forensic accounting course have a very crucial role in improving students' ethical judgment against accounting fraud. In addition, students with high academic abilities and high socioeconomic levels tend to have better ethical judgments. This means that good and rational reasoning ability and economic adequacy can reduce accounting fraud. Keywords: forensic accounting course, socioeconomic status, academic performance, gender, ethical judgment, accounting fraud

A Demand Survey on the Priority of Agricultural College Students’ Core Competencies Required by Agriculturel Companies: A case study on G University

Background and objective: As the agricultural industry becomes a more convergent industry, it is believed that the demand for human resources by companies will change. Therefore, a survey was conducted to investigate the human resources required by agriculture companies. Methods: In the survey on 77 agriculture companies, 98.7% of respondents answered that new employees with a college degree needed additional training to adapt to practical affairs. Results: The first priority of education was “community spirit” (22.1%) and the second priority was “convergence capability” (15.6%). The most important educational goal desired by agricultural companies was “cultivating human resources with community spirit and ethical judgment”, followed by “cultivating human resources with serious communication and problem-solving skills”, and “cultivating human resources with scientific thinking and unique creative imagination.” Sub-competencies that companies want agricultural colleges to strengthen were “community spirit” 4.32(SD=0.96), “desirable values” 4.30 (SD = 1.05), “sympathy” 4.28 (SD = 0.95), “convergence capability” 4.16 (SD = 0.88), “creativity” 4.11 (SD = 0.83), “civic spirit” 4.10 (SD = 0.91), and “rational/critical thinking” 3.94 (SD = 1.04). There was a significant difference in sub-competencies that require reinforcement depending on the number of full-time employees. “Creativity” was most necessary in companies with less than 3 employees (4.39), and 4~7 employees (4.33), and “aesthetics”” in companies with less than 3 employees (3.94), and 4-7 employees (3.61) “Civic spirit” was most necessary in companies with 31 employees or more (4.33). Conclusion: The most important educational goal desired by companies was “cultivating human resources with community spirit and ethical judgment”.