scholarly journals Chronic social defeat induces long-term behavioral depression of aggressive motivation in an invertebrate model system

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0184121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Rose ◽  
Jan Rillich ◽  
Paul A. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Model System ◽  
Behavioral Depression ◽  
Invertebrate Model ◽  
Aggressive Motivation

scholarly journals Canadian Association of Neurosciences Review: Learning at a Snail's Pace

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Parvez ◽  
David Rosenegger ◽  
Michael Orr ◽  
Kara Martens ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Model System ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Invertebrate Model

ABSTRACT:While learning and memory are related, they are distinct processes each with different forms of expression and underlying molecular mechanisms. An invertebrate model system, Lymnaea stagnalis, is used to study memory formation of a non-declarative memory. We have done so because: 1) We have discovered the neural circuit that mediates an interesting and tractable behaviour; 2) This behaviour can be operantly conditioned and intermediate-term and long-term memory can be demonstrated; and 3) It is possible to demonstrate that a single neuron in the model system is a necessary site of memory formation. This article reviews how Lymnaea has been used in the study of behavioural and molecular mechanisms underlying consolidation, reconsolidation, extinction and forgetting.

Housing familiar male wildtype rats together reduces the long-term adverse behavioural and physiological effects of social defeat

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.W Ruis ◽  
J.H.A te Brake ◽  
B Buwalda ◽  
S.F De Boer ◽  
P Meerlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Physiological Effects

scholarly journals Stress vulnerability promotes an alcohol prone phenotype in a preclinical model of sustained depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danai Riga ◽  
Leanne JM Schmitz ◽  
Yvar van Mourik ◽  
Witte JG Hoogendijk ◽  
Taco J De Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Depression Vulnerability ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depression Proneness ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Alcohol Seeking

AbstractMajor depression and alcohol-related disorders frequently co-occur. Depression severity weighs on the magnitude and persistence of comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD), with severe implications for disease prognosis. Here, we investigated whether depression vulnerability drives propensity to AUD at the preclinical level. We used the social defeat-induced persistent stress (SDPS) model of chronic depression in combination with operant alcohol self-administration (SA). Male Wistar rats were subjected to social defeat (5 episodes) and prolonged social isolation (~12 weeks) and subsequently classified as SDPS-prone or SDPS-resilient based on their affective and cognitive performance. Using an operant alcohol SA paradigm, acquisition, motivation, extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking were examined in the two subpopulations. SDPS-prone animals showed increased alcohol SA, excessive motivation to acquire alcohol, persistent alcohol-seeking despite alcohol unavailability, extinction resistance and increased cue-induced relapse; the latter could be blocked by the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist guanfacine. In SDPS-resilient rats, prior exposure to social defeat increased alcohol SA without affecting any other measures of alcohol-seeking and -taking. Our data revealed that depression proneness confers vulnerability to alcohol, emulating patterns of alcohol dependence seen in human addicts, and that depression resilience to a large extent protects from the development of AUD-like phenotypes. Furthermore, our data suggest that stress exposure alone, independently of depressive symptoms, alters alcohol intake in the long-term.

scholarly journals Consequence of Two Protocols of Social Defeat Stress on Nicotine-Induced Psychomotor Effects in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Liz Paola Domingues ◽  
Bruno de Brito Antonio ◽  
Maria Gabriela Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Isabel Marian Hartmann de Quadros
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Locomotor Response ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Psychomotor Effects ◽  
Locomotor Stimulation ◽  
Nicotine Administration ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Dose Dependent

Exposure to stress may contribute to enhanced vulnerability to drug use disorders, by altering sensitivity to drug-related reward and psychomotor effects. This study aimed to characterize the psychomotor effects of nicotine administration and then investigate the consequences of two types of repeated social defeat stress (episodic and continuous) on nicotine-induced psychomotor effects in mice. Adult male Swiss mice were treated for 13 days with daily injections of nicotine (0.1, 0.4, or 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) and received saline and nicotine challenges (0, 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg) after a withdrawal period. Dose-dependent effects were observed in locomotor response to nicotine, with trends for locomotor stimulation after intermittent (but not acute) administration of 0.1 mg/kg. Higher nicotine doses caused acute locomotor suppression (0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg) and tolerance after intermittent administration (0.4 mg/kg dose). In separate cohorts, experimental mice were daily defeated by aggressive mice, using the resident-intruder model, for 10 days. After brief confrontations, intruders returned to their home cage (episodic stress) or were continuously exposed to the aggressive resident for 24 h (continuous stress), until the following defeat. After the 10-day stress protocol, mice received saline and nicotine challenges (0 and 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) in locomotor tests. Mice were also tested for methamphetamine-induced locomotor response (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Both defeat protocols induced short-term locomotor suppression (24h after stress), which was further suppressed by nicotine only in mice exposed to continuous defeat stress. Ten days after stress, locomotor behavior was no longer suppressed in defeated mice of either stress protocol. Mice exposed to continuous defeat stress showed a reduced stimulant response to methamphetamine, 12 days after termination of stress. Our findings indicate that exposure to continuous defeat stress facilitates nicotine-induced locomotor suppression shortly after stress and reduces methamphetamine-induced stimulation in the long term.

An Examination of Follow-up Services Received by Vulnerable Burn Populations: A Burn Model System National Database Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Lynne Benavides ◽  
Vivian Shie ◽  
Brennan Yee ◽  
Miranda Yelvington ◽  
Laura C Simko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Model System ◽  
Psychological Therapy ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
National Database ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Term Care

Abstract While disparities in healthcare outcomes and services for vulnerable populations have been documented, the extent to which vulnerable burn populations demonstrate disparities in long-term care is relatively underexplored. This study’s goal was to assess for differences in long-term occupational or physical therapy (OT/PT) and psychological service use after burn injury in vulnerable populations. Data from the Burn Model System National Database (2006–2015) were analyzed. The vulnerable group included participants in one or more of these categories: 65 years of age or older, nonwhite, no insurance or Medicaid insurance, preinjury receipt of psychological therapy or counseling, preinjury alcohol and/or drug misuse, or with a preexisting disability. Primary outcomes investigated were receipt of OT/PT and psychological services. Secondary outcomes included nine OT/PT subcategories. Outcomes were examined at 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury. One thousand one hundred thirty-six burn survivors (692 vulnerable; 444 nonvulnerable) were included. The vulnerable group was mostly female, unemployed at time of injury, and with smaller burns. Both groups received similar OT/PT and psychological services at all time points. Adjusted regression analyses found that while the groups received similar amounts services, some vulnerable subgroups received significantly more services. Participants 65 years of age or older, who received psychological therapy or counseling prior to injury, and with a preexisting disability received more OT/PT and psychological or peer support services at follow-up. Overall, vulnerable and nonvulnerable groups received comparable OT/PT and psychological services. The importance of long-term care among vulnerable subgroups of the burn population is highlighted by this study. Future work is needed to determine adequate levels of follow-up services.

scholarly journals Repeated social defeat induces transient glial activation and brain hypometabolism: A positron emission tomography imaging study

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Kopschina Feltes ◽  
Erik FJ de Vries ◽  
Luis E Juarez-Orozco ◽  
Ewelina Kurtys ◽  
Rudi AJO Dierckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Glial Activation ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Positron Emission

Psychosocial stress is a risk factor for the development of depression. Recent evidence suggests that glial activation could contribute to the development of depressive-like behaviour. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo whether repeated social defeat (RSD) induces short- and long-term inflammatory and metabolic alterations in the brain through positron emission tomography (PET). Male Wistar rats ( n = 40) were exposed to RSD by dominant Long-Evans rats on five consecutive days. Behavioural and biochemical alterations were assessed at baseline, day 5/6 and day 24/25 after the RSD protocol. Glial activation (11C-PK11195 PET) and changes in brain metabolism (18F-FDG PET) were evaluated on day 6, 11 and 25 (short-term), and at 3 and 6 months (long-term). Defeated rats showed transient depressive- and anxiety-like behaviour, increased corticosterone and brain IL-1β levels, as well as glial activation and brain hypometabolism in the first month after RSD. During the third- and six-month follow-up, no between-group differences in any investigated parameter were found. Therefore, non-invasive PET imaging demonstrated that RSD induces transient glial activation and reduces brain glucose metabolism in rats. These imaging findings were associated with stress-induced behavioural changes and support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation could be a contributing factor in the development of depression.

scholarly journals Modelling flood reservoir integrated with pumped hydropower storage for electricity production using HOMER

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 05021
Author(s):  
Aishah Safi ◽  
Shahrani Anuar ◽  
Daing Mohd Nafiz ◽  
Firdaus Basrawi ◽  
Mohd Nazani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Model System ◽  
Hybrid Optimization ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Lower Reservoir ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Hybrid Optimization Model ◽  
Water Catchment

This paper presented the potential of flood reservoir integrated with pumped hydropower storage for electricity production in Pekan, Malaysia. Based on the procedure in T echnical Release 55 (T R- 55), the volume of the reservoir to attenuat e flood was 5.2 million3. The volume estimated will be the size of the lower reservoir of proposed PHS and act as flood water catchment during flood seasons. The system proposed an integration of PHS with wind turbines and connect it to the grid. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software was used to model system for electricity production. The software has simulated 200 different configurations of systems which included the diesel-only system and hybrid wind/diesel system. The standalone diesel system could produce about 25,041,824 kWh of electricity per year and emits 30,030,457 kg/year of pollutants into the atmosphere. Meanwhile, the hybrid wind/diesel could produce 25,668,980 kWh/year of electricity and emits 29,293,174 kg/year of total pollutants into the air. Although, the standalone diesel has the lowest cost of energy among all configurations which is RM 0.852/kWh, but it releases the most amount of carbon dioxide. The high emission of this gasses can have many environmental effect s in a long term.

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