Cultivar architecture modulates spore dispersal by rain splash: A new perspective to reduce disease progression in cultivar mixtures

Background: Insulin has recently received special attention concerning its use in COVID-19 patients. Although controversial, insulin can be able to worsen the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) through an inflammatory pathway. This uncertain aspect brings a new perspective related to insulin use in this pandemic era. Objective: We tried to collect and analyze various studies related to this issue to provide a complete picture of the prognosis of insulin use in COVID-19 patients with T2DM. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, MEDLINE, and grey literature databases for studies investigating the effect of insulin on COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality, hospitalization, disease progression, other prognostic surrogates. Records were screened against the eligibility criteria. Result: 2556 articles were retrieved and were screened. A total of 8 studies were included in the final analysis. There are no studies with solid evidence supporting the effect of insulin treatment on the worsening of the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with T2DM. Although several studies have shown that insulin is associated with a poor prognosis, most studies have not considered confounders. This certainly makes it challenging to analyze the effects of insulin independently. Conclusion: We propose that COVID-19 patients with T2DM continue to receive insulin, but with careful observation of the risk of disease progression.

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Reduction of fungal disease spread in cultivar mixtures: Impact of canopy architecture on rain-splash dispersal and on crop microclimate

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology ◽

10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.06.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 154-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tiphaine Vidal ◽

Anne-Lise Boixel ◽

Brigitte Durand ◽

Claude de Vallavieille-Pope ◽

Laurent Huber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Disease ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Canopy Architecture ◽

Splash Dispersal ◽

Rain Splash ◽

Cultivar Mixtures

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Blowin’ in the Wind: Wind Dispersal Ability of Phytopathogenic Fusarium in a Wind Tunnel Experiment

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12121653 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1653

Author(s):

Annika Hoffmann ◽

Roger Funk ◽

Marina E. H. Müller

Keyword(s):

Wind Tunnel ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Wind Dispersal ◽

Spore Dispersal ◽

Abiotic Conditions ◽

Wind Velocities ◽

Rain Splash ◽

Wind Tunnel Study

Dispersal processes play an essential role in cereal diseases caused by phytopathogenic Fusarium. However, most empirical studies of Fusarium spore dispersal have focused on vertical transport by rain splash, while wind dispersal has been mostly neglected. Our objective was to determine the ability of Fusarium conidiospores to disperse via wind under controlled conditions in a wind tunnel study. Ten Fusarium species with diverse spore varieties were studied by placing them in the wind stream at wind velocities of 5 and 8 m s−1 and collecting them after 6 m and a period of 1 h using a newly developed air sampling box. Although spore concentrations were high in the releasing Petri Dishes, the tested isolates were recaptured in only 18 of 78 runs. F. equiseti and F. cerealis were the most frequently recovered species. Changing abiotic conditions, wind speed, and spore shapes had no significant effect on Fusarium spore recapture rates. Another experiment showed that conidiospores were rarely released from the grown mycelium. Therefore, the importance of wind alone as a dispersal medium for Fusarium conidiospores may have been overestimated so far. Further studies should investigate the importance of carrier media or mobile linkers combined with the wind dispersal of spores.

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Molecular Methods to Detect and Quantify Botryosphaeriaceae Inocula Associated With Grapevine Dieback in Australia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-17-1854-re ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 1489-1499 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Regina Billones-Baaijens ◽

José Ramón Úrbez-Torres ◽

Meifang Liu ◽

Matthew Ayres ◽

Mark Sosnowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Species ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Spore Dispersal ◽

Dispersal Patterns ◽

Spore Trap ◽

Synthetic Dna ◽

Qpcr Method ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽

Grapevine Dieback ◽

Rain Splash

Botryosphaeria dieback, caused by species of Botryosphaeriaceae, is an important grapevine trunk disease in Australia. Inocula produced by the pathogens are primarily dispersed by rain splash and wind and infect pruning wounds leading to cankers, dieback, and eventually death of vines. The objective of this study was to develop molecular tools to detect and quantify Botryosphaeriaceae inocula from the environment. These tools are essential for investigating spore dispersal patterns of Botryosphaeriaceae pathogens in Australian vineyards. DNA extraction protocols were evaluated and one modified protocol was found suitable for extracting Botryosphaeriaceae DNA from artificially and naturally inoculated Burkard volumetric spore sampler tapes. Multispecies primers and a hydrolysis probe for quantitative PCR (qPCR) were further developed to detect and quantify Botryosphaeriaceae inocula from environmental samples. Specificity tests showed that the multispecies primers were able to amplify the DNA of 10 Botryosphaeriaceae species (58 isolates) found in Australia while none of the 27 nontarget fungal species (90 isolates) tested were amplified. The qPCR assay was suitable for amplifying purified DNA, synthetic DNA fragments (gBlocks), and mixed DNA from spore trap tapes. The qPCR method developed in this study was shown to be rapid and sensitive in detecting Botryosphaeriaceae inocula from the environment using spore traps.

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MiR-181b: new perspective to evaluate disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.448 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 195-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Rosa Visone ◽

Angelo Veronese ◽

Veronica Balatti ◽

Carlo M. Croce

Keyword(s):

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

New Perspective

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Surveillance Strategy for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Achieving Complete Response: An Individualized Risk-Based Machine Learning Study

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.667641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Qi-Feng Chen ◽

Lin Dai ◽

Ying Wu ◽

Zilin Huang ◽

Minshan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Complete Response ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Surveillance Strategy ◽

New Perspective

Background: For patients with complete response (CR) of Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is no consensus regarding the monitoring strategy. Optimal surveillance strategies that can detect early progression of HCC within a limited visit after treatment have not yet been investigated. A retrospective, real-world study was conducted to investigate surveillance strategies for BCLC stage B HCC (BBHCC) patients with CR after curative treatment to support clinical decision making.Methods: From January 2007 to December 2019, 546 BBHCC patients with CR after radical treatment were collected at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Seventy percent of patients were subjected to the train cohort randomly; the remaining patients comprised the validation cohort to verify the proposed arrangements. The random survival forest method was applied to calculate the disease progression hazard per month, and follow-up schedules were arranged to maximize the capability of progression detection at each visit. The primary endpoint of the study was the delayed-detection months for disease progression.Results: The cumulative 1, 2, and 3-years risk-adjusted probabilities for the train/validation cohorts were 32.8%/33.7%, 54.0%/56.3%, and 64.0%/67.4%, respectively, with peaks around approximately the 9th month. The surveillance regime was primarily concentrated in the first year posttreatment. The delayed-detection months gradually decreased when the total follow-up times increased from 6 to 11. Compared with controls, our schedule reduced delayed detection. Typically, the benefits of our surveillance regimes were obvious when the patients were followed seven times according to our schedule. The optional schedules were 5, 7, 9, 11, 17, 23, and 30 months.Conclusion: The proposed new surveillance schedule may provide a new perspective concerning follow-up for BBHCC patients with CR.

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Hemileia vastatrix. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056400001 ◽

1964 ◽

Author(s):

G. F. Laundon

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Long Range ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Spore Dispersal ◽

Hemileia Vastatrix ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust ◽

Rain Splash ◽

Yellowish Orange

Abstract A description is provided for Hemileia vastatrix. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Coffea arabica, C. canephora, C. liberica, and other Coffea spp. DISEASE: Coffee leaf rust. Produces yellowish-orange, powdery, rounded blotches on the lower surface of the leaves, which may coalesce with others to form an irregularly shaped lesion, accompanied by a chlorosis of the upper surface. With age, the centre of the leaf turns dark brown and dies, followed by premature defoliation and die-back of the branches. Has also on rare occasions been recorded on berries and young shoots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Asia, Australasia, end Oceania (CMI Map 5). TRANSMISSION: Earlier workers [Ward, J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 19: 299-335, 1882, Mayne (12: 285)] attributed spore dispersal to wind but more recent investigations have emphasised the role played by rain-splash over short distances (Bock, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 45: 289-300, 1962). Air currents may be implicated in long-range inter-continental dispersal (Wellman, 1957). Two species of thrips have been found feeding on and aiding the dispersal of urediospores in India (40: 467) and urediospores have also been observed to be mechanically transported on the bodies of two species of hymenopterous parasites of larvae of cecidomyid midges commonly found feeding on urediospores in Kenya (Crowe, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 24-26, 1963).

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The Incidence and Seventy of Eyespot on Winter Wheat Variety Hereward Grown as a Monocrop and as a Bicrop With White Clover

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] ◽

10.24200/jams.vol4iss1pp29-34 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

M.J. Soleimani ◽

M.L. Deadman ◽

R.O. Clements ◽

G. Donaldson

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Spore Dispersal ◽

The Third ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Rain Splash

In a three-year field trial, the level of eyespot on cv. Hereward winter wheat was recorded from cereal monoerops and cereal-clover bicrops receiving standard farming practice and reduced levels of input. Disease incidence (for years one, two and three) and severity (years two and three only), increased with each season in all treatments. In the third wheat crop the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for disease incidence (mean of all treatments) was 3.30 times higher than that measured for the first wheat crop. The average AUDPC for disease severity in year three was l.78 times greater than that for year two. In year three the eyespot incidence AUDPC for bicrops was 1.12 times greater than in monocrops. Disease severity AUDPC in year three was MS times greater in bicrops than in monocrops. For all treatments there was a significant correlation between AUDPC and the rate of disease increase. The results are discussed in terms of those factors that are likely to affect eyespot levels within bicrops, especially microclimate changes, spore production on crop residues, and spore dispersal by rain-splash.

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Rain-splash and spore dispersal: a physical perspective

The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases ◽

10.1007/978-94-017-3302-1_17 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 348-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L. Huber ◽

L. V. Madden ◽

B. D. L. Fitt

Keyword(s):

Spore Dispersal ◽

Rain Splash

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SREM observation of the interaction between the in-situ deposited Pd small particles and MgO cleavage surface

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100143523 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 382-383

Author(s):

H.-J. Ou

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Small Particle ◽

Small Particles ◽

Cleavage Surface ◽

Metallic Particles ◽

Microscopy Technique ◽

Ceramic Surfaces ◽

Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽

New Perspective

The understanding of the interactions between the small metallic particles and ceramic surfaces has been studied by many catalyst scientists. We had developed Scanning Reflection Electron Microscopy technique to study surface structure of MgO hulk cleaved surface and the interaction with the small particle of metals. Resolutions of 10Å has shown the periodic array of surface atomic steps on MgO. The SREM observation of the interaction between the metallic particles and the surface may provide a new perspective on such processes.

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