How do perceived and objective measures of neighbourhood disadvantage vary over time? Results from a prospective-longitudinal study in the UK with implications for longitudinal research on neighbourhood effects on health

Abstract Background Forced migrants can be exposed to various stressors that can impact their health and wellbeing. How the different stages in the migration process impacts health is however poorly explored. The aim of this study was to examine changes in self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QoL) among a cohort of adult Syrian refugees before and after resettlement in Norway. Method We used a prospective longitudinal study design with two assessment points to examine changes in health among adult Syrian resettlement refugees in Lebanon accepted for resettlement in Norway. We gathered baseline data in 2017/2018 in Lebanon and subsequently at follow-up one year after arrival. The main outcomes were good SRH measured by a single validated item and QoL measured by WHOQOL-BREF. We used generalized estimating equations to investigate changes in outcomes over time and incorporated interaction terms in the models to evaluate effect modifications. Results In total, 353 subjects participated in the study. The percentage of participants reporting good SRH showed a non-significant increase from 58 to 63% RR, 95%CI: 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) from baseline to follow-up while mean values of all four QoL domains increased significantly from baseline to follow-up; the physical domain from 13.7 to 15.7 B, 95%CI: 1.9 (1.6, 2.3), the psychological domain from 12.8 to 14.5 B, 95%CI: 1.7 (1.3, 2.0), social relationships from 13.7 to 15.3 B, 95%CI: 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) and the environmental domain from 9.0 to 14.0 5.1 B, 95%CI: (4.7, 5.4). Positive effect modifiers for improvement in SRH and QoL over time include male gender, younger age, low level of social support and illegal status in transit country. Conclusion Our results show that good SRH remain stable while all four QoL domains improve, most pronounced in the environment domain. Understanding the dynamics of migration and health is a fundamental step in reaching health equity.

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Patterns of bruising in preschool children—a longitudinal study

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2014-307120 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 426-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Alison M Kemp ◽

Frank Dunstan ◽

Diane Nuttall ◽

M Hamilton ◽

Peter Collins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Multilevel Modelling ◽

Bleeding Disorders ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

The Mean ◽

Data Collections ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

IntroductionThis study aims to identify the prevalence and pattern of bruises in preschool children over time, and explore influential variablesMethodsProspective longitudinal study of children (<6 years) where bruises were recorded on a body chart, weekly for up to 12 weeks. The number and location of bruises were analysed according to development. Longitudinal analysis was performed using multilevel modelling.Results3523 bruises recorded from 2570 data collections from 328 children (mean age 19 months); 6.7% of 1010 collections from premobile children had at least one bruise (2.2% of babies who could not roll over and 9.8% in those who could), compared with 45.6% of 478 early mobile and 78.8% of 1082 walking child collections. The most common site affected in all groups was below the knees, followed by ‘facial T’ and head in premobile and early mobile. The ears, neck, buttocks, genitalia and hands were rarely bruised (<1% of all collections). None of gender, season or the level of social deprivation significantly influenced bruising patterns, although having a sibling increased the mean number of bruises. There was considerable variation in the number of bruises recorded between different children which increased with developmental stage and was greater than the variation between numbers of bruises in collections from the same child over time.ConclusionsThese data should help clinicians understand the patterns of ‘everyday bruising’ and recognise children who have an unusual numbers or distribution of bruises who may need assessment for physical abuse or bleeding disorders.

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The variability of exposure over time: A prospective longitudinal study

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene ◽

10.1016/s0003-4878(97)00008-2 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 485-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C PERETZ ◽

P GOLDBERG ◽

E KAHAN ◽

S GRADY ◽

A GOREN

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

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Non-completion of Active Orthodontic Treatment

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.21.3.275 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 275-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. E. Roberts ◽

J. Y. Kassab ◽

J. S. Sandham ◽

D. R. Willmot

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Active Treatment ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Services ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

Treatment Plans ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Hospital General ◽

Over Time

Over a 1-year period, all patients attending a consultant orthodontist's new patient clinics in North Derbyshire and whose treatment plans involved active appliance treatment, were accepted into a prospective longitudinal study. In all 294 patients were included in the study. Subsequent to the consultant's new patient clinic the patients' active treatments were undertaken in the Hospital, General, or Community Dental Services. Four years after the commencement of the study, 207 patients had completed active treatment and 50 had non-completed during active treatment. This gave an overall non-completion rare (NCR) of 19·5 percent for the study. Of the 50 patients who did not complete treatment during active treatment 23 (46 per cent) non-completed during the first 6 months of active treatment. A predictive model of non-completion of active orthodontic treatment (NCT) over time is suggested.

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P162 The st george’s respiratory questionnaire tracks sarcoidosis severity over time: a prospective longitudinal study

10.1136/thorax-2018-212555.320 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

SD Fraser ◽

S Zhou ◽

N James ◽

V Allgar ◽

MG Crooks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

St George's Respiratory Questionnaire ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

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A prospective longitudinal study of “Candidatus arthromitus”-associated rainbow trout gastroenteritis in the UK

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.02.001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (3-4) ◽

pp. 289-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jorge Del-Pozo ◽

Margaret Crumlish ◽

Hugh W. Ferguson ◽

Darren M. Green ◽

James F. Turnbull

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

The Uk ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Prospective longitudinal study of ‘Sleepless in Lockdown’: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemic in the UK

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053094 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e053094

Author(s):

Jane C Falkingham ◽

Maria Evandrou ◽

Min Qin ◽

Athina Vlachantoni

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Young Children ◽

Sleep Loss ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Financial Difficulties ◽

Baseline Information ◽

And Gender ◽

The Uk ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Mental And Physical Health

ObjectivesCOVID-19 is having a disproportionate impact on Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups and women. Concern over direct and indirect effects may also impact on sleep. We explore the levels and social determinants of self-reported sleep loss among the UK population during the pandemic, focusing on ethnic and gender disparities.SettingThis prospective longitudinal study analysed data from seven waves of the Understanding Society: COVID-19 Study collected from April 2020 to January 2021 linked to prepandemic data from the 2019 mainstage interviews, providing baseline information about the respondents prior to the pandemic.ParticipantsThe analytical sample included 8163 respondents aged 16 and above who took part in all seven waves with full information on sleep loss, defined as experiencing ‘rather more’ or ‘much more’ than usual sleep loss due to worry, providing 57 141 observations.Primary outcome measuresSelf-reported sleep loss. Mixed-effects regression models were fitted to consider within-individual and between-individual differences.ResultsWomen were more likely to report sleep loss than men (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 2.4) over the 10-month period. Being female, having young children, perceived financial difficulties and COVID-19 symptoms were all predictive of sleep loss. Once these covariates were controlled for, the bivariate relationship between ethnicity and sleep loss (1.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.4) was reversed (0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8). Moreover, the strength of the association between gender and ethnicity and the risk of sleep loss varied over time, being weaker among women in July (0.6, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.7), September (0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8), November (0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.0) and January 2021 (0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9) compared with April 2020, but positively stronger among BAME individuals in May (1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1), weaker only in September (0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0).ConclusionsThe pandemic has widened sleep deprivation disparities, with women with young children, COVID-19 infection and BAME individuals experiencing sleep loss, which may adversely affect their mental and physical health.

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