scholarly journals Patterns of bruising in preschool children—a longitudinal study

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Kemp ◽  
Frank Dunstan ◽  
Diane Nuttall ◽  
M Hamilton ◽  
Peter Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionThis study aims to identify the prevalence and pattern of bruises in preschool children over time, and explore influential variablesMethodsProspective longitudinal study of children (<6 years) where bruises were recorded on a body chart, weekly for up to 12 weeks. The number and location of bruises were analysed according to development. Longitudinal analysis was performed using multilevel modelling.Results3523 bruises recorded from 2570 data collections from 328 children (mean age 19 months); 6.7% of 1010 collections from premobile children had at least one bruise (2.2% of babies who could not roll over and 9.8% in those who could), compared with 45.6% of 478 early mobile and 78.8% of 1082 walking child collections. The most common site affected in all groups was below the knees, followed by ‘facial T’ and head in premobile and early mobile. The ears, neck, buttocks, genitalia and hands were rarely bruised (<1% of all collections). None of gender, season or the level of social deprivation significantly influenced bruising patterns, although having a sibling increased the mean number of bruises. There was considerable variation in the number of bruises recorded between different children which increased with developmental stage and was greater than the variation between numbers of bruises in collections from the same child over time.ConclusionsThese data should help clinicians understand the patterns of ‘everyday bruising’ and recognise children who have an unusual numbers or distribution of bruises who may need assessment for physical abuse or bleeding disorders.

scholarly journals A Five Year Longitudinal Study of the Educational Environment in a Newly Integrated Medical Curriculum

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Syed I. Shehnaz
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Traditional Curriculum ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Course Of Study

Objectives: The College of Medicine at Gulf Medical University (GMU), Ajman, United Arab Emirates, was subjected to a curricular reform, which shifted the institution from a traditional curriculum to a hybrid, studentcentred, integrated curriculum. There are no previous studies analysing the consequences of such a curricular modification on the educational environment (EE). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the EE of a pioneer cohort of the innovative curriculum over their five-year course of study. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted between September 2009 and September 2013 at the College of Medicine. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure questionnaire was completed by a pioneer cohort of students at the start of each academic session for five consecutive years. The mean overall, subscale and individual statement scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-rank sum tests. Results: A total of 178 responses were collected (response rate: 90.4%). The mean overall score throughout the five years of study was 130/200. A significant difference in the scores (P <0.05) was observed as the students proceeded through the course. The overall and subscale scores were significantly higher in the first and final years of study. Analysis of the statements recognised the medical knowledge of the teachers’ and students’ awareness of empathy and social interactions as persistent strengths of the college over the entire course of study. A curricular overload, a want for support systems for stressed students, students’ waning interest levels and assessment strategies emerged as areas that warranted further attention. Conclusion: The pioneer cohort of the new curriculum rated their EE as positive throughout their five years of study at GMU. An examination of individual statements revealed the programme’s strengths and areas for improvement for the institution.Keywords: Curriculum; Environment; Longitudinal Study; Medical Students; Perception; Undergraduate Medical Education; United Arab Emirates.

scholarly journals Changes in self-rated health and quality of life among Syrian refugees migrating to Norway: a prospective longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Haj-Younes ◽  
Elisabeth Marie Strømme ◽  
Jannicke Igland ◽  
Bernadette Kumar ◽  
Eirik Abildsnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Forced migrants can be exposed to various stressors that can impact their health and wellbeing. How the different stages in the migration process impacts health is however poorly explored. The aim of this study was to examine changes in self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QoL) among a cohort of adult Syrian refugees before and after resettlement in Norway. Method We used a prospective longitudinal study design with two assessment points to examine changes in health among adult Syrian resettlement refugees in Lebanon accepted for resettlement in Norway. We gathered baseline data in 2017/2018 in Lebanon and subsequently at follow-up one year after arrival. The main outcomes were good SRH measured by a single validated item and QoL measured by WHOQOL-BREF. We used generalized estimating equations to investigate changes in outcomes over time and incorporated interaction terms in the models to evaluate effect modifications. Results In total, 353 subjects participated in the study. The percentage of participants reporting good SRH showed a non-significant increase from 58 to 63% RR, 95%CI: 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) from baseline to follow-up while mean values of all four QoL domains increased significantly from baseline to follow-up; the physical domain from 13.7 to 15.7 B, 95%CI: 1.9 (1.6, 2.3), the psychological domain from 12.8 to 14.5 B, 95%CI: 1.7 (1.3, 2.0), social relationships from 13.7 to 15.3 B, 95%CI: 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) and the environmental domain from 9.0 to 14.0 5.1 B, 95%CI: (4.7, 5.4). Positive effect modifiers for improvement in SRH and QoL over time include male gender, younger age, low level of social support and illegal status in transit country. Conclusion Our results show that good SRH remain stable while all four QoL domains improve, most pronounced in the environment domain. Understanding the dynamics of migration and health is a fundamental step in reaching health equity.

scholarly journals The variability of exposure over time: A prospective longitudinal study

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C PERETZ ◽  
P GOLDBERG ◽  
E KAHAN ◽  
S GRADY ◽  
A GOREN
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

Non-completion of Active Orthodontic Treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Roberts ◽  
J. Y. Kassab ◽  
J. S. Sandham ◽  
D. R. Willmot
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Hospital General ◽  
Over Time

Over a 1-year period, all patients attending a consultant orthodontist's new patient clinics in North Derbyshire and whose treatment plans involved active appliance treatment, were accepted into a prospective longitudinal study. In all 294 patients were included in the study. Subsequent to the consultant's new patient clinic the patients' active treatments were undertaken in the Hospital, General, or Community Dental Services. Four years after the commencement of the study, 207 patients had completed active treatment and 50 had non-completed during active treatment. This gave an overall non-completion rare (NCR) of 19·5 percent for the study. Of the 50 patients who did not complete treatment during active treatment 23 (46 per cent) non-completed during the first 6 months of active treatment. A predictive model of non-completion of active orthodontic treatment (NCT) over time is suggested.

Signal intensity in the dentate nucleus after cumulative dose of Gd-EOB-DTPA: First results of a prospective longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Katharina Michalik ◽  
Lukas Beyer ◽  
Florian Zeman ◽  
Christina Wendl ◽  
Janine Rennert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Dentate Nucleus ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Contrast ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is a hepatocyte-specific, linear ionic contrast agent for MRI. In comparison to other linear contrast agents Gd-EOB-DTPA is excreted equally through liver and kidneys. This prospective longitudinal study investigates the signal intensity (SI) in the dentate nucleus (DN) on unenhanced T1-weighted images after repetitive application of Gd-EOB-DTPA. 46 patients were included into the study and 107 MRI examinations were performed. Statistical analysis of 25 patients showed no significant correlation between cumulative dose of Gd-EOB-DTPA and SI change and between the DN/Pons ratiolast and the mean DN/Pons ratiofirst. Subgroup analysis however revealed a significant correlation for one out of two readers. Gd-EOB-DTPA deposition could not be proven in the framework of this study.

scholarly journals Feto-maternal outcome among pregnant females in block Hazratbal of district Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir: a prospective longitudinal study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouf Hussain Rather ◽  
Umar Nazir ◽  
Sheema Samreen ◽  
Mohammad Saleem Itoo
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Maternal Outcome ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Pregnancy is a normal physiological state which a woman experiences at some point of her life. During pregnancy a woman may develop complications which pose a risk to both maternal and fetal health. Caesarean section is a surgical procedure in which incision is made through a mother’s abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies. The aim and objective of the study was to describe feto-maternal outcome among the study population in block Hazratbal, Srinagar.Methods: A community based longitudinal study was conducted in block Hazratbal (District Srinagar) for a period of 18 months. All the pregnant females attending the antenatal clinic at the subcenters and PHCs were included in the study and assessed for eligibility. The pregnant women enrolled in the study were examined again around 30 weeks, 37 weeks and once in postnatal period. Results: Only 2.6% were home deliveries. More than two-thirds (71.7%) of the study subjects delivered by LSCS and less than 2% of the study subjects delivered twins. Out of 391 children born 2 were born dead and 55.2% were of male gender. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.56 weeks and the mean birth weight of neonates was 2.731 kg with only 4.9% LBW neonates. Conclusions: The percentage of institutional deliveries was good (97.4%) and the proportion of twins and male babies were within expected limits. The prevalence of LBW babies was only 4.9 against the national average of 28%. But the 71.7% caesarean section rate is too high and needs immediate attention by policy makers. Moreover both healthcare professional as well as general population need to be educated about the disadvantages of unnecessary caesarian sections. 

Parenting stress trajectories in mothers of very preterm infants to 2 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. F43-F48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Gray ◽  
Dawn M Edwards ◽  
Kristen Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveTo examine levels of parenting stress in mothers of preterm and term infants when the children were 2 years old; to determine the trajectory of stress over three time periods and to examine the association of maternal and neonatal factors and developmental outcomes with parenting stress.DesignIt is a prospective longitudinal study to determine parenting stress in mothers of preterm and term infants with outcomes having been previously obtained at 4 and 12 months. At 2 years, 79 preterm mothers (96 babies) and 64 term mothers (77 babies) participated. The mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). The infants had a neurological examination and the Bayley-III scales were administered.ResultsThe mean total PSI-SF at 2 years was significantly higher for the preterm group compared with the term group of mothers (p=0.007). There was a significant increase in the mean total PSI over time for the preterm mothers (p<0.001). For mothers at 2 years, there was an association with high levels of parenting stress and abnormal scores on the DASS (p<0.001) and high total T-scores on the CBCL (internalising p<0.001; externalising p=0.006). There was no association between parenting stress and maternal demographics, neonatal factors or Bayley-III results.ConclusionsParenting stress in mothers of preterm infants continues to be high at 2 years having increased over time. Maternal mental health problems and infant behavioural issues contribute to the stress.

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