scholarly journals Fundus autofluorescence of retinal angiomatous proliferation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243458
Author(s):  
Masaaki Saito ◽  
Kanako Itagaki ◽  
Tetsuju Sekiryu
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation ◽  
Subretinal Space ◽  
Stage 1

Purpose The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence in Japanese patients with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 100 eyes from 76 patients (male, n = 45; female, n = 31; age range, 50–94 years; mean ± standard deviation, 81.4 ± 6.4 years) with treatment-naïve RAP, which was diagnosed based on the identification of retinal–retinal anastomosis on early-phase fluorescein angiography or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and the identification of a hot spot on late-phase ICGA. RAP was classified into the following three stages: stage 1, proliferation of intraretinal capillaries originating from the deep retinal complex (intraretinal neovascularization); stage 2, growth of the retinal vessels into the subretinal space (subretinal neovascularization); and stage 3, clinically or angiographically observed choroidal neovascularization. In all cases, short-wavelength and near-infrared autofluorescence (SW-AF, NIR-AF) was evaluated using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Results The conditions of the 100 eyes were as follows: stage 1 RAP, n = 6 (6%); stage 2 RAP without retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED), n = 40 (40%); stage 2 RAP with PED, n = 44 (44%); and stage 3 RAP, 10 (10%). On NIR-AF imaging, the number of abnormalities that were observed to correspond to the RAP lesions on ICGA (87 eyes, 87%) was significantly greater in comparison to SW-AF imaging (27 eyes, 27%). The mean follow-up period in all 76 patients was 39.2 months. In the 76 patients with unilateral disease, 21 (21%) eyes developed RAP in the fellow eye during the follow-up period. Among 18 eyes that were examined by both SW-AF and NIR-AF imaging before the onset of RAP lesions, NIR-AF imaging showed hypoautofluorescence in 15 (83%) eyes before the onset of RAP lesions. Conclusions SW-AF and NIR-AF abnormalities may be related to the dysfunction of the photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium complex. Hypoautofluorescence on NIR-AF imaging may accurately indicate the presence or onset of RAP lesions.

scholarly journals Near-infrared fundus autofluorescence imaging in a case of photic maculopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Alberto Neri ◽  
Alessandra Protti ◽  
Monica Camparini ◽  
Claudio Macaluso
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
Rpe Cells

Herein we describe the characteristics of scanning laser ophthalmoscope imaging (SLO), and particularly of near-infrared fundus autofluorescence modality (IRAF), in photic maculopathy. IRAF visualizes selectively the melanin granules contained in the cells of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), which are normally localized in the apical portion of RPE cells, a favorite target of the photic damage to the retina. In the present work we report a three-month follow-up of a case of photic maculopathy, showing that the retinal alterations found by IRAF precisely matched the retinal anomalies found by macular optical coherence tomography, and had a parallel evolution. We think that IRAF could represent a useful imaging modality, together with more conventional imaging, in the management of photic maculopathy. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Hypofluorescent Foci on Late-Phase Indocyanine Green Angiography in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Ari Shinojima ◽  
Yoko Ozawa ◽  
Atsuro Uchida ◽  
Norihiro Nagai ◽  
Hajime Shinoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Indocyanine Green Angiography ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Standard Deviation Range ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis

To assess the hypofluorescent foci (HFF) on late-phase indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF), near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF), and fluorescein angiography (FA). The HFF area on late-phase ICGA for at least 20 min was compared with the area of abnormal foci on SW-FAF, NIR-AF, and FA. In 14 consecutive patients (12 men, including 1 with bilateral CSC; and 2 women with unilateral CSC), four kinds of images of 27 eyes were acquired. The mean age ± standard deviation (range) was 46 ± 9.2 years (31–69 years). The HFF on late-phase ICGA were found in 23 eyes (in all 15 CSC eyes and the contralateral 8 eyes). From the results of simple regression analysis, we obtained the following three formulas. The HFF area on ICGA = 1.058 × [abnormal SW-FAF area] + 0.135, the HFF area on ICGA = 1.001 × [abnormal NIR-AF area] + 0.015, and the HFF area on ICGA = 1.089 × [abnormal FA area] + 0.135. Compared to SW-FAF and FA, NIR-AF was found to be the easiest method to detect the HFF on late-phase ICGA, which may indicate melanin abnormalities, especially a decrease, in the retinal pigment epithelium.

scholarly journals The Role of Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in the Study of the Course of Posterior Uveitis Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Malamos ◽  
Panos Masaoutis ◽  
Ilias Georgalas ◽  
Stelios Maselos ◽  
Konstantinos Andrianopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging

Background.To evaluate the correlation of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with various posterior uveitis disorders.Methods. Interventional case series including 23 eyes of 15 patients with diagnosis of a specific type of retinochoroiditis, such as acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), serpiginous-like choroiditis, multifocal choroiditis (MFC), Harada disease, and syphilitic retinochoroiditis. Also, some cases with undefined retinochoroiditis were included. FAF and ICGA were performed and correlated at baseline and during follow-up after treatment.Results. In ICGA, early hypofluorescence was found to be the hallmark of acute choroidal inflammation, resolving in later stages and remaining in the late phase in areas with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage. Poorly defined hyperautofluorescent areas correlated with acute choroidal lesions. Hypoautofluorescent delineation suggested the initiation of RPE healing processes, correlating well with the late phase of ICGA and delineating the RPE damage. Early hyperautofluorescence with late hypofluorescence in ICGA indicated the presence of primary RPE involvement.Conclusion. FAF contributes to the interpretation of RPE disease and may be a useful tool for the follow-up of progressive inflammatory disorders. Comparative evaluation of FAF and ICGA allows a characterization of the sequence of inflammatory events and the level of tissue affected.

Multimodal imaging of chorioretinal folds induced by orbital vascular malformation in two cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212095758
Author(s):  
Ahmet Kaan Gündüz ◽  
Carol L Shields ◽  
Şükran Bekdemir ◽  
Jerry A Shields
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Chorioretinal Folds

Purpose: To investigate the alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the crest and trough portions of chorioretinal folds (CRFs) induced by an orbital vascular tumor. Methods: Review of multimodal imaging in two eyes of two patients with globe compression and CRFs from an orbital vascular tumor. Results: Fundus photography demonstrated obliquely extending CRFs with alternating hyperpigmented and hypopigmented linear alterations in both eyes. Fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging showed obliquely oriented hypoAF lines, incompletely alternating with hyperAF lines. In Case 1, the hyperAF lines had interspersed hypoAF segments and Case 2 had peripapillary mottling of AF. Fluorescein angiography (FA) showed alternating hyper and hypofluorescent lines in the late phase in Case 1. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) documented relative thinning of RPE at the folded crests in Case 1 and preservation of RPE in Case 2. Swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) demonstrated oblique hyporeflective lines in the outer retina and choriocapillaris layers in Case 2. These findings suggest that the crest of a CRF represents thinned or rarified RPE with hypoAF, transmission hyperfluorescence (FA), partially attenuated RPE layer (OCT), and isoreflectivity (SS-OCTA) while the trough represents compressed RPE with irregular hyperAF, transmission hypofluorescence (FA), thickened RPE layer (OCT), and hyporeflectivity (SS-OCTA). Conclusion: The anatomic and functional status of the RPE in CRFs based on multimodal imaging reveals normal to attenuated RPE with hypofunctionality at the fold crest and compacted, thickened RPE at the trough with segmental functional impairment on AF imaging. Anatomic information regarding CRFs is evident on OCT, FA, and SS-OCTA while the functional status is depicted on AF.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Half-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy on Fundus Autofluorescence in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Martin Stattin ◽  
Stefan Hagen ◽  
Daniel Ahmed ◽  
Eva Smretschnig ◽  
Florian Frommlet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Mean Differences

Purpose. To evaluate normalized short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF) imaging changes over time as a predictive parameter for the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) function in eyes compromised by acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) after indocyanine green angiography-guided verteporfin (Visudyne®, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland) photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a half-fluence rate (25 J/cm2). Methods. Quantitative data of SW-FAF grey values (SW-FAF GV) from a 350 μm (SW-350) and 1200 μm (SW-1200) diameter circle centered on the fovea and normalized with the level of SW-FAF GV in a 30° image of 20 eyes in 11 patients initially treated for unilateral acute symptomatic CSCR were collected and retrospectively analyzed after 7 years. A 2-sided t-test was calculated to explore the differences of SW-350 and SW-1200 between one month and the long-term follow-up. Results. Mean differences (95% CI) in SW-FAF GV between 1 month and 7 years after half-fluence PDT were 0.07 ± 0.11 for SW-350 ([95% CI: −0.002; 0.14], p=0.06) and 0.11 ± 0.15 for SW-1200 ([95% CI: 0.01; 0.21], p=0.03). Mean differences in SW-FAF GV of the contralateral untreated eye were 0.06 ± 0.14 for SW-350 ([95% CI: −0.04; 0.17], p=0.22) and 0.05 ± 0.13 for SW-1200 ([95% CI: −0.04; 0.15], p=0.22). Conclusion. After 7 years, normalized SW-FAF GV were significantly lower in eyes with resolved acute CSCR treated with reduced-fluence PDT compared to the follow-up after 1 month without correlation to explicit pattern changes or structural damages. Half-fluence PDT remains a safe and considerable treatment option in acute CSCR.

Ranibizumab in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP): Influence of RAP Stage on Visual Outcome

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Reche-Frutos ◽  
Cristina Calvo-Gonzalez ◽  
Silvia Pérez-Trigo ◽  
Cristina Fernandez-Perez ◽  
Juan Donate-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
San Carlos

Purpose. To evaluate the influence of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) stage on visual and anatomic outcome after ranibizumab (Lucentis®). Methods. This was a prospective study on consecutively diagnosed RAP eyes at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are performed monthly. Indocyanine green angiography (ICG) and fluorescein angiography (FA) are performed at baseline and every 3 months thereafter. A starting dose of a monthly ranibizumab injection in the first 3 months is followed by retreatment in case of intraretinal edema, subretinal fluid, or pigment epithelium detachment (PED) in OCT, increased leakage in FA, or a hot spot in ICG. Results. A total of 53 eyes from 49 patients were included. The mean change in BCVA at 12 months was +7.3, +0.83, and −2.1 letters in stages IIA (21 cases), Il B (18 cases), and III (14 cases), respectively. After adjusting the change in BCVA according to baseline BCVA, β coefficient was −6.012 letters (p=0.025) in stage IIB and −9.762 letters (p=0.003) in stage III vs stage IIA. Four cases had a retinal pigment epithelium tear after injection of ranibizumab. Conclusions. Patients in stage II without PED have a better visual and anatomic evolution than patients in stage II with PED and stage III.

Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Signs, Diagnosis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a maculopathy characterized by the separation of the neurosensory layer as a result of fluid accumulation between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the photoreceptor layer. Classically it is classified as acute and chronic forms. When the disease lasts longer than 4-6 months, it is called a chronic form and comprises 15% of all CSCR cases. Although the exact etiology is unknown; studies emphasize changes in choroidal circulation causing choroidal ischemia and vascular hyperpermeability as well as subretinal fluid accumulation due to deterioration pump function of RPEs. Subretinal fluid accumulation can lead to photoreceptor dysfunction and loss of vision. Classical findings in patients are a decrease in visual acuity, blurred vision, metamorphopsia, micropsia, disturbance in color vision and dark adaptation, and scotomas. Diagnosis and follow-up depend on fundoscopy as well as imaging. Optical coherent tomography is the primary method. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is useful in defining RPE changes noninvasively. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) shows the source of leakage. In recurrent, unresolved and chronic cases, OCT, FAF, FFA, and indocyanine green angiography can be used all together to manage the disease, to follow-up its extension, and to diagnose possible neovascular as well as polypoidal component. For the treatment of chronic CSCR patients, besides medical treatments such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor, and glucocorticoid antagonists and intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist (Anti-VEGF) injections, half-dose photodynamic therapy and subthreshold micropulse laser treatment are used. Prospective, controlled trials with large series for the treatment of chronic CSCR warranted.

scholarly journals Fundus Autofluorescence Change as an Early Indicator of Treatment Effect of Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesintha Navaratnam ◽  
Thomas P. Bærland ◽  
Nils A. Eide ◽  
Rowan T. Faber ◽  
Bernt L. Rekstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Choroidal Melanoma ◽  
Choroidal Melanomas ◽  
Rpe Atrophy ◽  
Time Point

Background: Early confirmation of the effect of brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma showing that tumour coverage is valuable. The irradiated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) commonly develops atrophy. This study compares the fundus autofluorescence (AF) changes to the development of RPE atrophy following brachytherapy. Methods: Retrospective study of 19 patients treated with 106Ru and 2 with 125I plaques with either a 3- or 6-month follow-up period. Ultra-widefield (UW) composite colour and AF images were obtained with Optomap 200Tx and interpreted as complete, partial, or no RPE changes and complete or partial hyperautofluorescence, hypoautofluorescence, or isoautofluorescence. Results: At the 3-month follow-up, 9 of 13 patients (69%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.389–0.896) treated with 106Ru plaques developed complete homogenous hyperautofluorescence surrounding the tumour, but only 1 of 13 (8%) (95% CI, 0.004–0.379) developed complete RPE atrophy at the same time point. Six patients in the 106Ru plaque group had their first follow-up with UW imaging at 6 months. Four of them developed homogenous hyperautofluorescence and none developed complete RPE atrophy around the tumour. The 2 patients treated with 125I did not demonstrate any clear RPE or AF changes. Conclusion: The effect of 106Ru plaque treatment on fundus UW imaging is detected as homogenous and well-demarcated hyperautofluorescence before visible RPE atrophy.

scholarly journals iPSC-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Allografts Do Not Elicit Detrimental Effects in Rats: A Follow-Up Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Westenskow ◽  
Felicitas Bucher ◽  
Stephen Bravo ◽  
Toshihide Kurihara ◽  
Daniel Feitelberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Subretinal Space ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Photoreceptor Neurons

Phototransduction is accomplished in the retina by photoreceptor neurons and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Photoreceptors rely heavily on the RPE, and death or dysfunction of RPE is characteristic of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a very common neurodegenerative disease for which no cure exists. RPE replacement is a promising therapeutic intervention for AMD, and large numbers of RPE cells can be generated from pluripotent stem cells. However, questions persist regarding iPSC-derived RPE (iPS-RPE) viability, immunogenicity, and tumorigenesis potential. We showed previously that iPS-RPE prevent photoreceptor atrophy in dystrophic rats up until 24 weeks after implantation. In this follow-up study, we longitudinally monitored thesame implanted iPS-RPE, in the same animals. We observed no gross abnormalities in the eyes, livers, spleens, brains, and blood in aging rats with iPSC-RPE grafts. iPS-RPE cells that integrated into the subretinal space outlived the photoreceptors and survived for as long as 2 1/2 years while nonintegrating RPE cells were ingested by host macrophages. Both populations could be distinguished using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. iPSC-RPE could be isolated from the grafts and maintained in culture; these cells also phagocytosed isolated photoreceptor outer segments. We conclude that iPS-RPE grafts remain viable and do not induce any obvious associated pathological changes.

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