Bronchoalveolar lavage affects thorax computed tomography of healthy and SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Medical imaging as method to assess the longitudinal process of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates is commonly used in research settings. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is regularly used to determine the local virus production and immune effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the lower respiratory tract. However, the potential interference of those two diagnostic modalities is unknown in non-human primates. The current study investigated the effect and duration of BAL on computed tomography (CT) in both healthy and experimentally SARS-CoV-2-infected female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). In addition, the effect of subsequent BALs was reviewed. Thorax CTs and BALs were obtained from four healthy animals and 11 experimentally SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. From all animals, CTs were obtained just before BAL, and 24 hours post-BAL. Additionally, from the healthy animals, CTs immediately after, and four hours post-BAL were obtained. Thorax CTs were evaluated for alterations in lung density, measured in Hounsfield units, and a visual semi-quantitative scoring system. An increase in the lung density was observed on the immediately post-BAL CT but resolved within 24 hours in the healthy animals. In the infected animals, a significant difference in both the lung density and CT score was still found 24 hours after BAL. Furthermore, the differences between time points in CT score were increased for the second BAL. These results indicate that the effect of BAL on infected lungs is not resolved within the first 24 hours. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the interference between BAL and CT in rhesus macaques.

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Bronchoalveolar lavage affects thorax computed tomography of healthy and SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

10.1101/2021.02.04.429761 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Annemiek Maaskant ◽

Lisette Meijer ◽

Jaco Bakker ◽

Leo van Geest ◽

Dian G.M. Zijlmans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Virus Production ◽

Lung Density ◽

Infected Female ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Diagnostic Modalities ◽

Quantitative Scoring

AbstractMedical imaging as method to assess the longitudinal process of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates is commonly used in research settings. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is also regularly used to determine the local virus production and immune effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the lower respiratory tract. However, the potential interference of those two diagnostic modalities with each other is unknown in non-human primates. The current study investigated the effect and duration of BAL on computed tomography (CT) in both healthy and experimentally SARS-CoV-2-infected female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). In addition, the effect of subsequent BALs was reviewed. Thorax CTs and BALs were obtained from four healthy animals and 11 experimentally SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. From all animals, CTs were obtained just before BAL, and 24 hours post-BAL. Additionally, from the healthy animals, CTs immediately after and four hours post-BAL were obtained. Thorax CTs were evaluated for alterations in lung density, measured in Hounsfield units, and a visual semi-quantitative scoring system. An increase in the lung density was observed on the immediately post-BAL CT but resolved within 24 hours in the healthy animals. In the infected animals, a significant difference in both the lung density and CT score was still found 24 hours after BAL. Furthermore, the differences between timepoints in CT score were increased for the second BAL. These results indicate that the effect of BAL on infected lungs is not completed within the first 24 hours. Therefore, it is of importance to acknowledge the interference between BAL and CT in rhesus macaques.

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Computed tomography or necropsy diagnosis of multiple bullae and the treatment of pneumothorax in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta )

Journal of Medical Primatology ◽

10.1111/jmp.12275 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 260-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jong-Min Kim ◽

Sungyoung Han ◽

Jun-Seop Shin ◽

Byoung-Hoon Min ◽

Won Young Jeong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques

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Comparing Implicit and Explicit Categorization Strategies in Humans and Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e527342012-498 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Justin J. Couchman ◽

Mariana V. C. Coutinho ◽

J. David Smith

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Implicit And Explicit

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A Comparison of Numerical Representation in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Humans

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e603982013-009 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Gin Morgan ◽

Herbert S. Terrace

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Numerical Representation

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Supplemental Material for Task Switching in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) During Computerized Categorization Tasks

Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Learning and Cognition ◽

10.1037/xan0000174.supp ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Task Switching ◽

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Cebus Apella ◽

Capuchin Monkeys ◽

Tufted Capuchin Monkeys

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Risk Factors in Diabetes and Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Compared to Younger Aged Female.

International Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32441/ijms.v1i3.99 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 26-38

Author(s):

Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai ◽

Shler Ali Khorshed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Female Student ◽

Mean Value ◽

Infected Female ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection is common with health impact in women and characterised by failure to treatment and recurrent episodes. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for the development of urinary tract infection in diabetic and pregnant women in comparison to student female. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during the period from 1st of June 2015 to the end of January 2016. The population included in the study are 563 women, of them 425 were outpatients, and 138 were inpatients. Their age range between 18 and 80 years, with a mean age of 33.59±15.29 years. Urine samples collected and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate technique. Bacterial colonies with different morphology were selected, purified and identified according to their biochemical characteristics using conventional standard methods. Results: In diabetic women, there were no significant difference in mean age and BMI values between culture positive and culture negative groups. However, pus cell mean scale was significantly higher [P=0.000] in women with urinary tract infection [1.76±1.25] than in those with negative culture [0.69±1.00]. In pregnant women, BMI mean value was significantly [P=0.013] lower in pregnant women with UTI [26.14] as compared to those without infection [26.99]. Pus cell scale mean value was significantly [P=0.000] higher in pregnant women with UTI [1.55] than women with negative UTI [0.85]. While there was no significant difference in mean age between UTI positive and negative pregnant women. In female student, there was a significant difference between UTI infected and non-infected in mean age [P=0.041] and pus cell scale [P=0.000]. However, BMI was not significantly different between infected and non-infected female student. Other risk factors association are variables in the 3 groups when analysed using X2, while AUC and OR show different trends of association between risk factors and UTI. Conclusion: BMI, pus cell scale, child number, delivery method, operation history and hospital setting were significantly associated with culture positivity in the 3 studied groups as determined by AUC. While OR confirmed association with pus sale scale in the 3 groups.

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Acute Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity in Rats: Findings and Lung Density Changes in High Resolution Computed Tomography

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society ◽

10.3348/jkrs.2000.42.3.473 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Dae Sik Ryu ◽

Kun Sang Kim ◽

Kil Hyen Kang ◽

Haing Sup Chung ◽

Bung Wok Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Oxygen Toxicity ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Lung Density

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Calcium-Suppressed Technique in Dual-Layer Detector Computed Tomography to Evaluate Knee Articular Cartilage

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405616666201008150644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Qinglin Meng ◽

Mengqi Liu ◽

Weiwei Deng ◽

Ke Chen ◽

Botao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Articular Cartilage ◽

Bone Marrow Edema ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽

Proton Density ◽

Knee Cartilage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Marrow Edema

Background: Calcium-suppressed (CaSupp) technique involving spectral-based images has been used to observe bone marrow edema by removing calcium components from the image. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knee articular cartilage using the CaSupp technique in dual-layer detector computed tomography (DLCT). Methods: Twenty-eight healthy participants and two patients with osteoarthritis were enrolled, who underwent DLCT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. CaSupp images were reconstructed from spectral-based images using a calcium suppression algorithm and were overlaid conventional CT images for visual evaluation. The morphology of the knee cartilage was evaluated, and the thickness of the articular cartilage was measured on sagittal proton density– weighted and CaSupp images in the patellofemoral compartment. Results: No abnormal signal or density, cartilage defect, and subjacent bone ulceration were observed in the lateral and medial femorotibial compartments and the patellofemoral compartment on MRI images and CaSupp images for the 48 normal knee joints. CaSupp images could clearly identify cartilage thinning, defect, subjacent bone marrow edema, and edema of the infrapatellar fat pad in the same way as MRI images in the three knee joints with osteoarthritis. A significant difference was found in the mean thickness of the patellar cartilage between MRI images and CaSupp images, while the femoral cartilage presented no significant difference in thickness between MRI images and CaSupp images over all 48 knee joints. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that CaSupp images could effectively be used to perform the visual and quantitative assessment of knee cartilage.

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