scholarly journals Collective memory for American leaders: Measuring recognition for the names and faces of the US presidents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255209
Author(s):  
Adam L. Putnam ◽  
Sarah Madison Drake ◽  
Serene Y. Wang ◽  
K. Andrew DeSoto
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Serial Position Curve ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Alexander Hamilton ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Us

Collective memory studies show that Americans remember their presidents in a predictable pattern, which can be described as a serial position curve with an additional spike for Abraham Lincoln. However, all prior studies have tested Americans’ collective memory for the presidents by their names. How well do Americans know the faces of the presidents? In two experiments, we investigated presidential facial recognition and compared facial recognition to name recognition. In Experiment 1, an online sample judged whether each of the official portraits of the US presidents and similar portraits of nonpresidents depicted a US president. The facial recognition rate (around 60%) was lower than the name recognition rate in past research (88%), but the overall pattern still fit a serial position curve. Some nonpresidents, such as Alexander Hamilton, were still falsely identified as presidents at high rates. In Experiment 2, a college sample completed a recognition task composed of both faces and names to directly compare the recognition rates. As predicted, subjects recognized the names of the presidents more frequently than the faces. Some presidents were frequently identified by their names but not by their faces (e.g. John Quincy Adams), while others were the opposite (e.g. Calvin Coolidge). Together, our studies show that Americans’ memory for the faces of the presidents is somewhat worse than their memory for the names of the presidents but still follows the same pattern, indicating that collective memories contain more than just verbal information.

GESTURE RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR NIGERIAN TRIBAL GREETING POSTURES USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Segun Aina ◽  
Kofoworola V. Sholesi ◽  
Aderonke R. Lawal ◽  
Samuel D. Okegbile ◽  
Adeniran I. Oluwaranti
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
System A ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Gaussian Blur

This paper presents the application of Gaussian blur filters and Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques for greeting recognition among the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria. Existing efforts have considered different recognition gestures. However, tribal greeting postures or gestures recognition for the Nigerian geographical space has not been studied before. Some cultural gestures are not correctly identified by people of the same tribe, not to mention other people from different tribes, thereby posing a challenge of misinterpretation of meaning. Also, some cultural gestures are unknown to most people outside a tribe, which could also hinder human interaction; hence there is a need to automate the recognition of Nigerian tribal greeting gestures. This work hence develops a Gaussian Blur – SVM based system capable of recognizing the Yoruba tribe greeting postures for men and women. Videos of individuals performing various greeting gestures were collected and processed into image frames. The images were resized and a Gaussian blur filter was used to remove noise from them. This research used a moment-based feature extraction algorithm to extract shape features that were passed as input to SVM. SVM is exploited and trained to perform the greeting gesture recognition task to recognize two Nigerian tribe greeting postures. To confirm the robustness of the system, 20%, 25% and 30% of the dataset acquired from the preprocessed images were used to test the system. A recognition rate of 94% could be achieved when SVM is used, as shown by the result which invariably proves that the proposed method is efficient.

CONTEXTUALIZING PALIMPSEST OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN AN URBAN HERITAGE SITE: Case Study of Chahar Bagh, Shiraz - Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Mahmoudi Farahani ◽  
Marzieh Setayesh ◽  
Leila Shokrollahi
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
A Site ◽  
Historical Centre

A landscape or site, which has been inhabited for long, consists of layers of history. This history is sometimes reserved in forms of small physical remnants, monuments, memorials, names or collective memories of destruction and reconstruction. In this sense, a site/landscape can be presumed as what Derrida refers to as a “palimpsest”. A palimpsest whose character is identified in a duality between the existing layers of meaning accumulated through time, and the act of erasing them to make room for the new to appear. In this study, the spatial collective memory of the Chahar Bagh site which is located in the historical centre of Shiraz will be investigated as a contextualized palimpsest, with various projects adjacent one another; each conceptualized and constructed within various historical settings; while the site as a heritage is still an active part of the city’s cultural life. Through analysing the different layers of meaning corresponding to these adjacent projects, a number of principals for reading the complexities of similar historical sites can be driven.

Memory Practices in History Education about the 1947 British India Partition

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Chhabra
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
History Education ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
British India ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Memory Practices

This article is an epistemological reflection on memory practices in the construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of collective memories of a historical event involving collective violence and conflict in formal and informal spaces of education. It focuses on the 1947 British India Partition of Punjab. The article engages with multiple memory practices of Partition carried out through personal narrative, interactions between Indian and Pakistani secondary school pupils, history textbook contents, and their enactment in the classroom by teachers. It sheds light on the complex dynamic between collective memory and history education about events of violent conflict, and explores opportunities for and challenges to intercepting hegemonic remembering of a violent past.

scholarly journals Re-living a Common Future in the Face of Ecological Disaster: Exploring (Elements of) Guarani and Kaiowá Collective Memories, Political Imagination, and Critiques

Human Arenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Normann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Ecological Disaster ◽  
The Face ◽  
Group Interviews

AbstractHow to re-member a fragmented world while climate change escalates, and green growth models reproduce coloniality, particularly in Indigenous territories? What can be the concrete contributions from different scholarly disciplines to a broader decolonial project? These questions are debated by decolonial scholars who call to re-think our practices within academic institutions and in the fields that we study. This article contributes with a decolonial perspective to sociocultural psychology and studies on Indigenous knowledges about climate change. Through ethnographic methods and individual and group interviews, I engage with indigenous Guarani and Kaiowá participants’ knowledges and practices of resilience opposing green growth models in the Brazilian state Mato Grosso do Sul. Their collective memory of a different past, enacted through narratives, rituals, and social practices, was fundamental to imagine different possible futures, which put in motion transformation processes. Their example opens a reflection about the possibilities in connecting sociocultural psychology’s work on collective memory and political imagination to the broader decolonial project, in supporting people’s processes of re-membering in contexts of adverse conditions caused by coloniality and ecological disaster.

scholarly journals Pioneer dataset and recognition of Handwritten Pashto characters using Convolution Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 002029402096482
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Khan ◽  
Abdul Hafeez ◽  
Hazrat Ali ◽  
Shah Nazir ◽  
Anwar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Artificial Neural

This paper presents an efficient OCR system for the recognition of offline Pashto isolated characters. The lack of an appropriate dataset makes it challenging to match against a reference and perform recognition. This research work addresses this problem by developing a medium-size database that comprises 4488 samples of handwritten Pashto character; that can be further used for experimental purposes. In the proposed OCR system the recognition task is performed using convolution neural network. The performance analysis of the proposed OCR system is validated by comparing its results with artificial neural network and support vector machine based on zoning feature extraction technique. The results of the proposed experiments shows an accuracy of 56% for the support vector machine, 78% for artificial neural network, and 80.7% for the proposed OCR system. The high recognition rate shows that the OCR system based on convolution neural network performs best among the used techniques.

KA'KAW POTS AND COMMON CONTAINERS: CREATING HISTORIES AND COLLECTIVE MEMORIES AMONG THE CLASSIC MAYA OF XUNANTUNICH, BELIZE

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. LeCount
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Classic Maya ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Natural Cycles ◽  
Lowland Maya

AbstractReconstruction of foodways at the Lowland Maya center of Xunantunich, Belize, illustrates how commensality is fundamental to the construction of multilayered identities. Collective memory and linear histories form the foundation of identities because they are the mental frameworks people use to construct shared pasts. At Xunantunich, community identity was expressed though pottery and practices associated with the preparation of foods for domestic consumption and public offerings. In a world of natural cycles centered on family reproduction, horticultural activities, and yearly ceremonies, these symbols and rituals structured the lives of all people and embodied within them a collective memory of community. Linear histories were recorded in images and texts on drinking paraphernalia that were likely used for toasting honored individuals, ancestors, or gods during commemorative rites. These inscriptions and bodily practices marked individuals and their houses as people and places of prominence with separate identities.

Memory as State Behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-119
Author(s):  
Kathrin Bachleitner
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Trigger ◽  
Oil Crisis

This chapter shows how collective memory channels a country’s international behaviour. To that end, it first lays out the nexus between memory and state behaviour put forward by the temporal security concept. It then goes on to distinguish it from international relations’ classical realist and ontological security approaches and their predictions on state behaviour. To keep their temporal security intact, countries are assumed to enter into an ‘in-between-time’ conversation with their ‘significant historical others’. Through the emotional trigger of shame, policymakers avoid potential disconnects with their country’s ‘narrated self in the past’, thus bringing their courses of action in line with collective memory. To illustrate this process, the empirical case study looks at the reaction of West Germany and Austria to two wars in the Middle East. It contrasts their support for either of the warring parties during the Six Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur War and international oil crisis of 1973. The qualitative analysis demonstrates that West Germany and Austria’s different collective memories of the Nazi legacy channelled their behaviour along diverse reasonings to support either the Israeli or the Arab side.

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